The Sun and Its Features

The change of the sun and its characteristic solar magnetic field have an interesting influence on our earth presence. This magnetic field is caused by the flow of charged ions and electrons on the sun. The eleven year cycle of the solar magnetic field describes many of the cool features of the sun: sunspots, solar flares, and auroras. At the beginning of the cycle, the magnetic field is weak and there are few sunspots; thereafter, at the peak of the cycle, the magnetic field is strong and there are many black spots.

The fundamental characteristics of the sun are explained as the background for determining the permanent characteristics of the environment close to the Earth. The sun transmits its effect mainly to the earth via gravity, electromagnetic radiation and particle emission (solar wind and high energy particles). Discrete gravity as a function of wavelength, the average characteristics and the variability of the different components of electromagnetic radiation were discussed; we analyzed solar wind characteristics including changes in the solar cycle and characteristics of the solar high energy particles for particle emission.

We started this course from solar radiation research where solar radiation is the main energy source of the earth and its climate system. We studied the nature of the sun and its energy, and the law which controls the movement of this energy through the universe from the sun to the earth. Next, I will look into the change of this solar energy on the earth in detail and first understand how this energy affects the characteristics of the climate of the earth. The energy driving the climate system comes from the sun. When the solar energy reaches the Earth, it is partially absorbed in various parts of the climate system. The absorbed energy is converted into heat and warms the earth to make it suitable for daily life. Absorption of cosmic radiation is heterogeneous both spatially and temporally, which leads to a complex pattern and seasonal change in our climate.