The Structure of Nucleic Acid Chains

Structural Nucleotides of Nucleic Acid Chains Nucleotides are linked together in DNA and RNA by phosphate linkages between the phosphate moiety of one nucleotide and the sugar moiety of the next nucleotide. An ester bond is a bond occurring between a carbon atom and an oxygen atom. An increasing number of nucleotides can be added by the same process of forming ester bonds until massive chains are formed. However, regardless of the length of the polynucleotide chain, there is always a free -OH group on the sugar on the carbon (called C3 ') at one end of the nucleic acid molecule and always at the other end of the molecule always C5 '(Phosphate group at the 5' end).

British chemist Alexander R Todd pointed out that the two nucleic acids are bound by phosphoric acid. In this way, many nucleotides are linked to the long chain structure by nucleic acids. After that, he synthesized nucleotide monomers. Based on these achievements, he received the Nobel Prize in 1957.

Nucleic acids are organic compounds in the chromosome of living cells and viruses. The structure of a nucleic acid in a cell determines the structure of the protein produced in the cell. Because proteins are "stones" of life, nucleic acids can be seen as "blueprints" of life. Chemically, however, nucleic acids can be defined as molecules consisting of monomers called nucleotides. Nucleic acid that forms the basis of a gene molecule. It is predominantly in the nucleus of all cells and forms part of the chromosome within the nucleus or is present in the cytoplasm of cells lacking nuclei such as bacteria. It functions as a carrier of genetic information and contains instructions (code) for making proteins. It consists of two single stranded nucleotides that are twisted to form a double helix or helix. Nucleotides include sugars (deoxyribose), phosphate and bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine).

All information in the biological system is coded by structure. Although we are used to thinking about biological information (such as the description of the viral genome) in the form of nucleic acid sequences, the sequence itself is a shorthand code that describes the structure of the nucleic acid. The replication and expression of information encoded by DNA and RNA is strictly dependent on the structure of these nucleic acids and their interactions with other macromolecules. The dissemination of genetic information primarily requires the preservation of information from structures that may be replicated from unstructured precursors. Nucleic acid sequences are the simplest and most powerful solution for living organisms to discover faithful structural duplication problems.