The Structure of Chromosome and the Influence of Epigenetic Factors

The theory of chromosome genetics proposed by Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri in 1902-1903 is considered a landmark event in genetics (Martins, 1999). This theory establishes chromosomes as carriers of genetic information (genes). It also suggests that chromosomes (not genes) undergo separate classification and isolation proposed by Gregor Johann Medel (1865-1866) in genetic laws. Multiple genes can be included on the chromosome. Despite the high skepticism of contemporary scholars on this view, Thomas Hunt Morgan (1915) showed that linear arrangement of genes in the chromosome provides compelling evidence for Sutton-Boveri's studies .

Epigenetic mechanism refers to the inherited influence (no phenotypic change and genotypic change) on chromosome or gene function without change in DNA sequence (in the cell or offspring of the individual). These changes may persist for several generations of cell divisions. Although it was thought that there is no new generation of neurons in the nervous system, the research showed that the brain keeps neural stem cells (NSC) adulthood and neurogenesis continues to occur.

Epigenetics knows only that a small part of the genome is expressed. There are a number of factors that influence which genes are expressed and which genes are silenced. One of the factors is the use of neural pathways and shows the use of new neural pathways (new ideas) to determine which genes are expressed. By choosing (focusing on) ideas that are right for you, you can represent genes that fit yourself or silence genes that may be harmful. Not only is it focused on what I do not want, I am addicted to it. I like browsing things I do not own, things I do not want, hatefulness and indignation. It is difficult for it to resist the same necessary path. However, it can be realized with a conscious effort

Given the heightened expertise, an important new scientific field, epigenetics, was born. Epigenetics basically studies how environmental factors affect the expression of our genes. When biology comes to its own field in the 19th century from my medical and natural history, any biologist can master the whole field. Today, many geneticists will tell you that they do not have a real understanding of epigenetic discoveries.

Researchers in genetics now know that individual DNA is essentially invariant, but a wide range of environmental factors may cause so-called epigenetic differences. Epigenetics affects which genes in an individual's genome can be turned on or off. Factors such as exercise, sleep, trauma, aging, stress, illness, and diet have been shown to have epigenetic effects, some of which can be taken over to the next generation. Dr. Siegel said that when the eggs divide, the genome of the same twin will also change, causing specific genes to be defective. In a pair of identical twin girls, one can experience a phenomenon called X chain inactivation. Because of this genetic influence, two identical Dionne earthquakes are color vision abnormalities