The Structure and the Function of SecY Translocon

Structure and functions of SecY translOCON abstract SecY translocon is a channel in the endoplasmic reticulum that transports newly produced proteins to the destination. The SecY structure was studied using the Rasmol and Chem 3 D Pro programs; three subunits, a pore ring and a stopper were identified. Inter - atomic bonds, intermolecular forces and hydration in SecY have also been studied. The attractive capacity of SecY is the ability to decide whether to insert a protein into the membrane or move the protein out of the membrane.

Some elements contained in untranslated regions form distinctive secondary structures upon transcription to RNA. These structural mRNA elements are involved in the regulation of mRNA. Several such as SECIS elements are targets for protein binding. One type of mRNA element, a riboswitch, binds directly to small molecules and changes their folding to alter transcriptional or translational levels. In these cases, mRNA regulates itself. When an mRNA molecule contains genetic information that translates only a single protein chain (polypeptide), it is called a single cistron. This is true for most eukaryotic mRNAs. On the other hand, polycistronic mRNA has several open reading frames (ORF), each of which is translated into a polypeptide.

Every biomolecule has a specific function, and these molecules have their own structure, so they function in these ways. These molecules are collectively called macromolecules, and are classified into four categories, each with its own structure. Each of these structures is important for macromolecular functions because it performs specific tasks within the body. Polymers are divided into carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. In most cases, the macromolecule is a polymer, which is a long molecule made by joining together many small similar analogous compounds. The polymer is formed by dehydration reaction (as shown in FIG. 1) by removing -OH groups from one monomer, removing hydrogen atoms (H) from the other monomer, and then forming a polymer.

Biopolymers play an important role in the structure and function of cells. Most, if not all, biopolymers are macromolecules built by joining together many smaller molecules called monomers. Typically, all monomers in a polymer tend to be identical, or at least very similar to each other, and bind many times over and build larger macromolecules. These simple monomers can be combined in various combinations to produce complex biopolymers. This is the same as building several Lego bricks from houses to cars.