The Standard Model Fundamental Particles: Dark Matter

All visible substances in research papers are composed of atoms, subdivided into protons and neutrons, and further subdivided into quarks, leptons and corresponding antiparticles. These particles together with five force carriers constitute elementary particles of the standard model. However, modern research shows that this baryon material is not the majority of the universe. It is estimated that it accounts for only about 2% of the known galaxies. Since the rest of the universe consists of so-called dark matter, it can not be detected using the mass / luminosity ratio.

Particle particle physics is a fundamental building block of matter and radiation and its interaction. Elementary particles are summarized by standard model. This includes leptons (such as electrons), quarks that make up protons and neutrons, and gauge bosons that mediate forces between other particles.

Currently, the standard model describes the interaction between elementary particles and field. This model describes 12 known material particles (quarks and leptons) that interact through strong, weak, and electromagnetic fundamental forces. Reaction rates are described in terms of material particles of exchange specifications bosons (gluons, W and Z bosons and photons). The standard model also predicts particles called Higgs particles. In July 2012, the European Nuclear Research Center of the European Institute for Particle Physics announced the detection of particles that are consistent with Higgs' particles, which is part of the Higgs mechanism.

The boson and photon standard model also contains 24 basic fermions (12 particles and their associated antiparticles) that are part of all substances. Finally, the standard model also predicts the existence of a boson called Higgs Boson. On the morning of 4th July 2012, physicist at Large Hadron Collider at CERN announced that he discovered new particles similar to Higgs Boson's expectations. Brookhaven National Laboratory (USA, Long Island). Its main facility is a relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) which may collide with heavy ions such as gold ions and polarized protons. This is the world's first heavy ion collider, the only polarized proton collider in the world.