The Role of the Amygdala in Fear and Panic

The definition of Amygdala's role in fear and panic is an elusive mystery that plagues scientists. There are many consensus about the physiological effects of fear, but neural pathways and connections that cause these effects are not well understood. From the evolutionary point of view, the theory thinks that fear is a neural circuit designed to keep the body viable under dangerous situations (1). How does it work? Learning about dangerous stimuli and responding to warnings includes a nerve route that sends information on the outside world to the amygdala. This determines the importance of stimulation and causes emotional reactions.

The neural pathway of fear reaction plays an important role in the acquisition and expression of fear response. Roles include processing of incoming sensory information regarding potential threats to stimuli in the environment. Normally this information will reach the amygdala from either of the two neural pathways starting from the thalamus. The thalamus at the top of the brainstem filters all incoming sensory information (except for scents) and delivers it to the relevant areas of the brain, most commonly the cerebral cortex, for processing. For example, as you read this page, the thalamus feeds the visual cortex to process incoming visual information, and when your ear receives sound, that information is conveyed to the auditory cortex. Large amounts of information from the cerebral cortex are transmitted to the mesencephalic structure through the thalamus like the amygdala.

● Differences in stress, phobia, anxiety; changes in people with stress, phobia, anxiety in mental health

As with many functions of the brain, there are fears to decipher human and other non-human species in various areas of the brain. The amygdala communicates in two directions between the prefrontal cortex, the hypothalamus, the sensory cortex, the hippocampus, the thalamus, the diaphragm and the brain stem. The amygdala body plays an important role in SSDR such as ventral almond animals essential for associative learning and learns SSDR through interaction with the environment and other substances of the same species. The emotional response occurs only when the signal is transmitted between different regions of the brain and the sympathetic nervous system is activated, which controls flight, combat, freezing, fear, and weak reactions. In general, damage to the amygdala may lead to cognitive impairment of fear (eg, human cases of patient S. M.)