The Rise and (Relative) Fall of Earmarks: Congress and Reform, 2006–2010

Congress' special reform began in 2006. In this article we reviewed the literature on designated grants and recorded the increase and relative decrease in expenditure specified using the four databases. It criticized and identified special reforms, including parliament and parliamentary rules and initiatives. Rules and committee-led reforms are most effective, greatly improving transparency and speeding up the information provision. After the special interruption, the amount of the special subsidy and its dollar value declined for the first time in 2007 for the first time and then stabilized by the implementation of reform. It is still premature to conclude that reforms will change the special project or the policy content of its distribution.

The ban on Republican use after the acquisition of the House of Representatives in 2010 has tied the leaders of Congress. However, the column despised by left and right reformers is still an important political goal. Members of the House and Senate leaders and ranking committee use special projects to persuade passive colleagues to favor or oppose key bills; they use tools to create a compromise We will use them as the majority of carrots. If the purpose of the ban is to raise the level of Congress's appreciation, it also fails in this regard. The citizens' perception of Congress is very negative in 2010, and it is getting worse gradually. According to the report of RealClearPolitics, in June and July voting, Congress rejects 77.3% on average and approval by 12.3%.

Congress' special reform began in 2006. In this article we reviewed the literature on designated grants and recorded the increase and relative decrease in expenditure specified using the four databases. It criticized and identified special reforms, including parliament and parliamentary rules and initiatives. Rules and committee-led reforms are most effective, greatly improving transparency and speeding up the information provision. After the special interruption, the amount of the special subsidy and its dollar value declined for the first time in 2007 for the first time and then stabilized by the implementation of reform. It is still premature to conclude that reforms will change the special project or the policy content of its distribution.

Since 2010, Congress has banned the use of special subsidies. For a long time, publicly accepted public opinion believes that career change is a tool that leads to increased federal expenditure and abuse of taxpayers' funds. Emphasizing the adverse effects of the use of special grants by various legislators and advocacy groups, they condemn them as the only reason for government waste, deception politics, and government bonds. From the perspective of the general public, the Special General Assembly has become a tool for the re-election of the Diet members, regardless of the feasibility of the project and the true necessity of the plan, he decided to use the "purchase" ballot became. As a member of Congress, John Bona has never pursued or accepted his area of ​​expertise - when he became the House of Representatives chairman in 2011, he banned them.