The Politics of Policy Implementation in India

Most policy research believes once it is in place, it will be implemented. After all, this is not unreasonable. Scholars who analyze policies and establish policy process models are based on their assumption that policies are implemented. In addition, this assumption is extended to another one. That is, the expected outcome of the policy is at least close to the expected outcome of policy makers. It should be noted that many citizens have this assumption.

The details of this policy will be explained in detail later. But there is one obvious thing. If this is a big problem, the new e-commerce policy on 29th March 2016 will be implemented with letters and spirit. Swing has become a day of competition by global venture capitalist (VC) and ecommerce giant, jugalbandi. It will take some time for sharpness to appear. In particular, the battle between offline retailers (including several major companies including Reliance, Future Group, AB Birla Group) and online players (Flipkart, Snapdeal, Amazon, etc.) has lasted for more than a few years . . The Delhi High Court ruling on November 20, 2015 eventually leads to the incident, which in turn triggered the event leading to this press release.

In the early 1990s, India implemented "Search for the East" (LEP) to strengthen the relationship with ASEAN Member States. Along with the leaders role in Asia and beyond, India seeks further integration with ASEAN and is striving to establish Asian economic community. In retrospect, it can be said that this policy has had a certain success, as the free trade agreement between India and ASEAN signed in 2009 (underway in 2010) is a visible outcome of LEP in India .

Ajay Shah and Ila Patnaik (2004) discuss the Indian capital flow policy over the past two decades, examining the experience on capital flows in India. They point out that since the early 1990s they have implemented policies aimed at achieving trade liberalization and easing investment decisions. India has managed to strongly manage its debt flows for most of the time, promoting foreign direct investment and portfolio flows, but at the same time, Indian authorities have adopted a fixed nominal exchange rate. According to them, domestic institutional factors are relatively low Foreign direct investment and large portfolio flows. They also pointed out that one of the most serious policy dilemmas in India at this time was related to the tension between capital flows and the currency system. They agree that the goal of finding consistent ways to increase investment in the current account deficit is still elusive despite progress since the adoption of reform.