The nature of dark matter

In general, scientists understand the universe through electromagnetic radiation (or light) emitted from objects in the universe. The light we see is radio waves, infrared rays, light, ultraviolet rays, X rays, and gamma ray radiation. But what if the material in the universe does not shine in a way that we can see directly? How do you know where it is? How do you know how much it is? How do you know what it is like?

As early as 1933, the astronomer Fritz Zwicky had been studying galactic coma clusters, but the amount of substances required to cause the galactic orbital velocity is determined by the amount of visually detectable substances I did not reflect it. Since then, there have been more observations with similar features, and we used these observations to determine the gravitational potential needed to interpret the observations. This means Zwicky's so-called "Missing Mass". "

The image on the frame cluster - consists of multiple overlay images. The red part of the image is Einstein's satellite X-ray image, and the blue image is the optical image of the Palomar Sky Survey.

Astronomers now believe that most of the material in the universe consists of dark matter. The substance can not send us enough light to detect it directly. However, it can be detected indirectly in various ways. The most common way is to have gravity influence on the light and light source that we can see as well as other forms of visible matter. From the influence of "extra" gravity we have detected, we guess how much quality must exist.

The type of substance we are experiencing everyday consists of atoms consisting of protons, neutrons and electrons. These substances are called "baryons". The most important question that scientists are trying to solve is whether the dark matter is made up of the same substances we know well, that is whether it is a baryon or an exotic new substance? So far, there seems to be heavy non-baryon dark matter, the universe appears to be of two types. The science field is still very active in discovering the nature of each variety.

Physical standard models, such as origin of quality, strong CP problem, neutrino oscillation, substance-anti-material asymmetry, and characteristics of dark matter and dark energy still have some drawbacks. Another problem is the mathematical framework of the standard model itself - one or both theories collapse under certain conditions because the standard model conflicts with the mathematical framework of general relativity. (Impossible work)

Dark energy is the space between what we can think of visible substances. Regardless of whether it is bright or dark, all problems are essentially energy. Dark energy is what we can call adhesive, which combines all the light substances in the universe. Dark matter has a lot of dark energy. This is the fundamental force behind the system such as gravity, light, electromagnetic force. It is also a mechanism that some of us may call it the power of soul, the power of love or the power of light. The energy in the darkness can be compared with the wet sand on the beach - we can make a castle of sand from there, or maintain the state of nature. As we said, dark matter is the fundamental power of entropy, it rots the sand castle

Dark matter is a hypothetical substance that accounts for about 85% of the material in the universe and is thought to occupy about a quarter of its total energy density. Most dark matter is thought to be essentially not a baryon and it may consist of subatomic particles that have not been discovered yet. Unless there are more visible substances, their presence is implicit in various astrophysical observations, including gravitational effects that can not be explained. Therefore, most experts believe that dark matter exists everywhere in the universe and has a strong influence on its structure and evolution. The name of the dark matter seems not to interact with the observable electromagnetic radiation (such as light) and therefore it is not visible from the whole electromagnetic spectrum (or "dark"), so it is detected using conventional astronomical equipment It is very difficult.