The Morals of Silencing Chromosomes

Chromosome silencing has made a breakthrough in the world of Down's syndrome. Down syndrome is one of the most common genetic diseases in the population. According to statistics, the chances of children with Down's syndrome will increase as the mother gets older. "Because the frequency of meiosis does not increase with age, researchers are now aware that there are more DS children than older mothers" (O'Conner, 2008).

Differences in the amount of X gene are ignored. Because they are supposed to be supplemented by a mechanism to silence all the genes of the entire female X chromosome. This mechanism, known as X chromosome inactivation, silences one or the other of X in embryonic cells and this silence is transmitted to the adult cell population. But now we have over 150 genes escaped human inactivation - but not mice - X. And the number of X chromosomes may be the basis for the gender difference in susceptibility to a number of diseases that greatly influence some basic metabolic pathways such as fat and carbohydrate synthesis. For example, a mouse with two X chromosomes is thicker than the one with only one mouse.

Humans have another pair of sex chromosomes with a total of 46 chromosomes. Sex chromosomes are called X and Y, and their combination determines the sex of a person. Typically, a human female has two X chromosomes and a male has an XY pair. This XY sex determination system exists in most mammals, as well as several reptiles and plants. When a sperm fertilizes an egg, it is determined whether the person has XX or XY chromosome. Unlike other cells in the body, the egg and sperm cells (called gametes or sex cells) have only one chromosome. Gametes are produced by meiotic cell division, which disrupts cells with half the number of chromosomes as parent or progenitor cells. In the case of humans, this means that the parent cell has two chromosomes and the gametes have one chromosome.

The DNA is wrapped together to form a structure called a chromosome. Most of the human body has 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46 cells. However, there are only 23 pairs of unpaired chromosomes in individual sperm cells and egg cells. You get half of the chromosome from your mother's egg and the other half from your father's sperm cells. The boy acquires the X chromosome from the mother, the Y chromosome from the father, and the woman acquires the X chromosome from the parents respectively. A gene is a fragment or fragment of DNA retained on a chromosome and determines specific human characteristics such as height and hair color. As you have a pair of chromosomes, you have two copies of each gene (only one boy has it, so remove some genes on the boys' X and Y chromosomes )