The Mechanism and Regulation of Breathing

Mechanism and regulation of respiratory respiration are unconscious movements controlled by the medulla that is part of the hindbrain. Through an aggressive process called inspiration, air is inhaled into the lungs. Contraction of the intercostal muscle and relaxation of the intercostal muscle. Ribs are pulled up and pulled out. When this occurs, the diaphragm contracts and is pushed down to the abdomen. Since the pleural surface of the lung adheres to the pleura of the chest wall, the lung expands, thereby increasing the volume of the air space, allowing the air pressure in the lungs to decrease, thereby allowing air to flow.

The basic mechanisms of inspiration and expiration of the respiratory mechanism and its control are as follows: 1) contraction of the inguinal and intercostal muscles results in expansion of the lungs. This swelling means an increase in the volume of the chest and a decrease in the pressure in the lungs. Therefore, as the pressure gradient from the atmosphere to the alveoli is established, the low pressure of the air drawn into the lung is called inhalation or breathing.

Ventilation is a mechanism for inhalation and exhalation. When inhaling, the muscle of the chest wall contracts and lifts the ribs and pulls it outward. At this point the diaphragm will move down and dilate the chest. When the pressure of the lungs falls, air enters the lungs. Exhale will reverse these steps. Respiratory dye enhances blood oxygen transport capacity. Humans have red dye hemoglobin as breathing pigment. Hemoglobin increases blood oxygen transport capacity by 65 to 70 times. Each red blood cell has approximately 250 million hemoglobin molecules containing 1.25 × 10 15 hemoglobin molecules per milliliter of blood. Oxygen concentration in the cell is very low (oxygen saturation in the blood when leaving the lung is 97%), oxygen diffuses into the cell as it reaches the capillary from the blood.

About 98.5% of the oxygen in the arterial blood sample is chemically bound to the hemoglobin molecule in the air breathing by healthy people at sea level pressure. Regardless of hemoglobin, approximately 1.5% of the substance dissolves in the other blood. Hemoglobin molecules are the major transporters of oxygen in mammals and many other species. Many diseases affect the circulatory system. These include many cardiovascular diseases affecting the cardiovascular system and lymphatic diseases affecting the lymphatic system. A cardiologist is a medical professional specializing in heart disease and a cardiologist focuses on the operation of the heart and its surrounding area. Vascular surgeons focus on other parts of the cardiovascular system