The Market Revolution: 1793–1860

Eli Whitney - inventor of cotton gin and interchangeable parts that brought about a revolution in southern agriculture and northern manufacturing industry

The prewar era was not only a serious political revolution but also an era of major technological and economic innovation. The Industrial Revolution began in Europe in the 18th century, which created new inventions and production methods. The new inventor 's own innovation of the United States changed the US economy. The development of the manufacturing industry and the development of agriculture had a major impact on the American society. Historians are often referred to as the market revolution.

The first major innovation in the market revolution was cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. In the majority of the 1700s Americans were lacking cotton, even though they had the ability to carry a waterway and build a textile factory. Southern producers tried to grow cotton, but cotton proved to be labor intensive so they gave up rice and tobacco.

In fact, cotton seeds and cotton seeds and fibers are separated automatically, thereby changing the cotton seed harvesting thoroughly - it makes it possible to produce 50 pounds of cotton a day. In the year when cotton gin was invented, cotton became the main crop in the south and the factory in the north produced cotton.

Cotton Jin has a profound influence on American history and society. The southern plantation almost abandoned all other crops and switched to new profitable cotton. In addition, producers need to increase the amount of slave labor in order to cultivate enough cotton to utilize their new production capacity. As a result, thousands of slaves were bought from Africa and the West Indies before slave trade was banned in 1808. The area of ​​individual farms has increased from relatively small land to large farms with hundreds of slaves

As a result, the cotton industry encouraged aggressive northern producers to build a factory. The southern producer supplies cotton, the northern factory spins it into a cloth and uses it at home or ships overseas. Factory development tended to produce larger, richer kinds of merchants, helping to generate wage laborers, hourly wages, and producing machinery and textiles.

A few years later, Whitney completed a system for manufacturing firearms with replaceable parts. Prior to Whitney's invention, most Muskete guns and all other items were handmade, and the parts were designed for each specific rifle. For example, a trigger for a rifle can not be used to replace a broken trigger for another rifle. However, with replaceable parts, all triggers are suitable for the same kind of rifle, all putters, all flash disks, all hammers, and all bullets. Many manufacturers from various industries have used Whitney 's invention immediately to manufacture various goods using interchangeable parts.

Most of the machines during the market revolution were based on cotton. After Eli Whitney invented Cotton Jin in 1793, the separation of cotton from seed was an effective way, and cotton became the most profitable cash crop in the United States. In 1790 the United States produced 3 million pounds of cotton and in 1815 it exceeded 90 million pounds. The raw cotton was originally shipped to Britain, where it was manufactured, but then the manufacturing method was introduced to the USA, where looms and other machinery manufactured cotton products at the American textile factory.

Eli Whitney studied at Yale University at the age of 23 in 1789 and invented gin in 1793. This machine played an important role in the industrial revolution. Unfortunately, when Whitney himself was invented, nobody was aware that gin would activate slavery. The invention of Whitney helped the cotton industry in the face of the economic problems in the south. Cotton jin (abbreviation for cotton engine) is a machine which takes out seeds from cotton. Prior to needing to pick out seeds by hand, slaves used machines to increase yields significantly.

Commercial agriculture and the domestic manufacturing industry are major fields of the US economy. In 1793, Eli Whitney 's Cotton Jin dramatically changed the southern cotton industry. Cotton Jin (Abbreviation for Cotton Engine) is a machine that can quickly and easily separate cotton fiber from seed. Otherwise, you need to do the work manually. The most common are slaves. Whitney continues to develop muskets that contain interchangeable parts. This is the technology that North manufacturers use in various industries.