The Kyoto Protocol

In 1998, Dr. James Hansen, director of the NASA Goddard Space Laboratory, told the US Congress that "the greenhouse effect has been discovered and it is changing our climate now." Increasing citizens' perceptions of climate change - making it an important issue for the people. In response to public concerns and what climatologists knew over the years, the United Nations and other international organizations developed policies to limit greenhouse gas emissions.

By 1995, countries started negotiations to strengthen global response to climate change and adopted the "Kyoto Protocol" two years later. The "Kyoto Protocol" legally connects developed countries to emission reduction targets. The first commitment period of the protocol began in 2008 and ended in 2012. The second commitment period begins on January 1, 2013 and ends in 2020. There are currently 197 "Treaty" Party and 192 "Kyoto Protocol" Party. At the 21st Conference of the Parties in Paris, parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change are a landmark to address climate change and to accelerate and strengthen the actions and investments necessary for a sustainable low-carbon future An agreement has been reached. . The "Paris Agreement" is based on the "Convention" and for the first time - assistance to assist developing countries in doing ambitious efforts to adapt to climate change initiatives and their impacts To strengthen -

Even after 10 years or more, the effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol as a global environmental regime to cope with climate change remains questionable. This paper considers that the "Kyoto Protocol" is not enough to solve the problem of global warming. The discussion will be based on examination of the two issues of the Kyoto Protocol. First, I will explain the participation problem, especially the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities' (CDR). Second, the participation problem is related to the compliance issue of the Kyoto Protocol. This section explains the effectiveness of the three mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol - emissions trading, clean development mechanism (CDM), and joint implementation (JI).