The Human Respiratory System and Smoking

It dominates the lower half of the lungs and uniformly destroys the alveoli. Total squamous emphysema is usually observed in patients with α1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency homozygous, in smokers the localized total squamous-cell emphysema at the bottom of the lung may be associated with central emphysema There is sex. (Demirjian 1) The third type of emphysema is called septal emphysema, also known as distal acinar emphysema. This type includes the distal airway structure, the alveolar duct and the alveolar sac.

& Lt; Tab / & gt; The effect of smoking on respiratory system can not be reversed. Smoking can irritate and damage the respiratory tract. In the lungs, accumulation of tar due to smoking causes irritation and injury. It causes various symptoms, including respiratory infections such as wheezing, cough, cough, bronchitis, pneumonia. Stopping smoking can reduce these effects, but can not be completely reversed. Smoking is a major risk factor for the development of COPD, ie chronic bronchitis and emphysema (American Thoracic Society, 1996). Emphysema is characterized by a permanent structural change in the lung tissue. The deterioration of COPD-related pulmonary function is directly related to the smoking duration and the number of smoked tobacco. Childhood and adolescent smoking increases the number and severity of respiratory illness. It also causes delay

Patients with illnesses related to smoking appear in various professional hospitals. However, respiratory physicians particularly see a lot of patients with lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in which smoking is the main cause and the majority of deaths caused by smoking are actually caused by respiratory diseases ing. Smoking cessation in COPD patients can reduce the sharp decrease (FEV 1) of forced expiratory volume within 1 second. This is one of two interventions to improve long-term prognosis and the other is long-term oxygen therapy. Nicotine addiction in these patients should be considered an important part of the medical management of the disease

In humans and other mammals, the typical respiratory system anatomy is the respiratory tract. The road is divided into upper airway and lower airway. The upper tract includes the throat above the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, throat, and throat. The lower section (Figure 2) contains the lower part of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. The branch airway of the lower channel is usually called respiratory trachea or tracheobronchial tree (Figure 2). The interval between consecutive branch points along each branch of "tree" is often called branch "generation" and there are about 23 adults.