The Human Immune Response Against Gingivitis

In addition IL - 8 is known to be chemotactic for neutrophils and attracts them to sites of inflammation. Finally, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that "stimulates bone resorption and induces destruction of the collagen matrix in the gums, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone" (Nield-Gehrig and Willmann , 2011). Other mediators secreted by the cells for immunogenic response are PGE 2 and MMP. PGE 2 (prostaglandin E 2) is a mediator of the prostaglandin family, which is mainly released by neutrophils, fibroblasts and macrophages during the inflammatory response.

The most common cause of gingivitis is the accumulation of bacterial plaque between and around teeth. Plaques cause an immune response which in turn can lead to the destruction of the gums or gum tissue. It may ultimately cause further complications including loss of teeth. Select link items based on product quality and list the pros and cons of each product to make it easier to determine which product is best for you. We have tied up with companies that sell these products. In other words, if you purchase using the link above, Healthline UK and our partner may receive some of the proceeds.

Gingival disease or gingivitis is the inflammation of the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, and the most common is the poor dental hygiene condition. Gingivitis is a very common disease with varying degrees of severity. It is characterized by red, swollen gum which tends to bleed when brushing teeth or brushing teeth. Gingivitis is different from periodontitis, but sometimes people may be affected by both. Gingivitis begins to appear when food debris mixes with bacterial plaque adhering to saliva and tooth surfaces. If toothpaste and tartar are not removed by brushing and flossing, they will calcify to form dental calculus and dental calculus. Tartar is very hard and can only be removed by professional dental cleaning

As gingivitis (chronic gingivitis) progresses, various complications may occur. Afflicted people may have areas in which the gums are retracted or areas where the roots of the teeth are contracted by the affected gums. Deep pockets around the teeth can be formed to capture food, plaque and debris. When gingivitis progresses to periodontal disease, one may lose the gingival tissue and bones around the teeth, and the teeth may loose or fall. These changes can occur very slowly or very rapidly, potentially affecting some teeth or the entire mouth. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG, formerly known as a grooved mouth) may occur when there is little oral hygiene or immunodeficiency. This is a painful condition that infected gingiva swells, ulcerates, and drains dead tissue.