The History of the Italian Pension System Until 1992

The history of the Italian pension system up to 1992 of this article discussed the origin and major development of the Italian pension system reform (1990s). It is a field symbolizing the frequent change of the system. The pension system does not have a clear view on how to properly handle the problems that have occurred. This is also due to political reasons. For example, from 1922 until the end of the Second World War, Mussolini dominated the country with the idea of ​​its fascist party. After the war, the first republic (1946 - 1992) had to clean up the mess, but political was emphasized by social conflict and political instability in the following years.

Akropolis is a technology platform designed to deal with the structural problems of the pension sector of the world and encourages paying for a fair pension system. It aims to be a multi-jurisdiction platform for pensions, social security and welfare, linking individuals with large institutional participants

The pension system in Ghana dates back to the colonial era. The first pension system was introduced in Ghana in 1946. The pension system is a non-contributory pension system designed to meet the retirement benefits of colonial management and mining workers. Kpessa (2010) pointed out that Ghana's social security system at the time was designed to encourage loyalty and efficiency in colonial services and is thus very unique. Like most programs introduced in this era, the old-age income protection policy is limited to a handful of Africans working in urban dwellers, especially Europeans and colonial bureaucrats.

In order to establish a social security system targeting more Ghanaian workers, the 42nd Annuation Rule (Chapter 30) and the pension plan were not enacted until 1950. It was established as a pension system for civil servants of the Gold Coast. These programs cover certified teachers, university lecturers, and all public officials, but the vast majority of Ghanaans can not benefit from this program (Adjei, 2000). In 1965, the Social Security Act (No. 279) was adopted and covered all private and public sector workers not included in the 42nd Annuation Rule. The program began as a funded fund to provide benefits for elderly, disabled and bereaved families. The bill was abolished and social security and the National Insurance Act (SSNIT) were enacted in accordance with NRCD 127. Establish trust for managing a new social security plan