The Historical, Philosophical, and Empirical Foundations of Psychology

The field of psychology is a field born in many fields of science. Its applications range from complete pathway to psychotherapy and expert decision making. The flexibility and versatility of this field reflects a detailed analysis of its importance and needs. Psychology is a field of philosophy until it develops an independent scientific field. The history of psychology is academic research of thinking and behavior that can go back to the beginning of civilization.

There is a historical basis for methodology, psychology and analytical behavior. The analysis of behaviorism follows its historical basis to a philosophical movement known as logical positivism (see Smith 1986). Logical positivism suggests that the meaning of statements used in science can be understood by observations verifying experimental conditions or their credibility. Such positivism is called "verificationism". In psychology, verificationism supports or is based on analytic behaviorism. That is, the psychological concepts contain behavioral tendencies and must therefore be translated into behavioral terms.

Otto Neurath is an enthusiastic logical positivist. He believes in empirical observations and creates a reasonable basis for philosophical discourse. He is known for interrupting philosophical arguments by calling "metaphysics." If discussion is not rooted in empirical observation. Therefore, he is certainly not interested in the artistic interpretation of expressive aesthetics and design. But ISOTYPE is a very important milestone in the history of graphic design. A major achievement of ISOTYPE is to communicate complex statistical data via formal visual design language so that viewers can quickly understand the relationship between symbols and data. Neurath pointed out in his landmark work "International Picture Language" that visual language can not replace spoken languages ​​- but he also communicates statistics and statistics when explaining complex processes Sometimes I showed sign and picture power.

Many philosophers engaged in moral psychology research, their subjects understand that their experience is limited. Philosophers use two main methods to apply empirical results in moral psychology. One is to use empirical results (and an empirical theory from psychology) to criticize the philosophical discourse of moral psychology (see eg Doris 2002), our moral and psychological science (And in the experimental philosophical tradition a test). Assumptions (see eg Nichols 2004). For those who believe that part (or all) of our moral psychology is based on congenital abilities, evolutionary psychology is a good source of information based on empirical and empirical theory. An example of the composition of our moral psychology comes from a large modular description of the structure of the mind. Currently this position is widely debated by philosophers engaged in moral psychology. The following is an example of this explanation.