The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Controlling Corruption in the European Union

Since the start of the ANTICORRP project in 2012 one of the main goals is to replace public opinion corruption data with more objective corruption measures and to provide reliable evidence to survey in order to record EU member states I'm using. We will manage corruption and estimate its impact. This report was first submitted to the European Parliament's initial draft in April 2013 [1]. However, the current paper is not merely an update, but also explains some important advances in corruption measurement.

Part 1 reviews the evidence gathered from corruption investigations to characterize the corruption situation in EU 28, such as measurements by eurobarometer and other experts. More importantly, it shows an example of how ANTICORRP researchers can use public procurement data to create more objective corruption indicators based on palatability-related practices . One of the indicators presented here diagnoses that the special practice of EU 28 is the proportion of contracts awarded through the procurement process including a single bidder.

Part 2 outlines the impact of corruption across the EU 28. It provides the same in corruption.

Public expenditure is shifting from a corruption-less sector (health and maintenance) to a corruption prone sector (building).

Section III provides evidence of validity and inefficiency in the fight against corruption. The two most anticorruption policies in the last two decades, the establishment of anti-corruption institutions (ACA) and restrictions on political funds have shown that they are not helping to curb EU corruption 28. This section also outlines the content of the work and identifies the six determinants of corruption / corruption control. Administrative burden, trade barriers, transparency, auditing standards, judicial independence, and citizen involvement. Theoretically and statistically, these factors can capture various aspects of resources and constraints that determine the balance of governance of the country.

Section IV presents new public health measures based on the above six factors. The Public Integrity Index (IPI) is based on the six indicators identified in the previous section. These are associated with indicators on the one hand and with the existing corruption indicators on the other hand. The IPI has the advantage of being operational and reliable in detecting changes and changes in the level of corruption caused by policy intervention. This section also provides public credit ratings of 28 EU member countries based on IPI and analyzes the root cause of corruption in different EU member states.

Finally, the fifth section contains a series of policy recommendations that emphasize the importance of creating contextual anti-corruption reform pathways based on national strengths and weaknesses.

[1] See Mungiu-Pippidi, A. (2013) "Good, Bad, Ugly: Managing Corruption in the EU" Senior Policy Documents Discussed at the European Parliament

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