The Frontier and American Institutions a Criticism of the Turner Theory

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In 1942, Professor George Wilson Pearson pointed out that there are many factors that have influenced in addition to imminent boundaries, "criticism of border and American institution: Turner's thesis" Culture Although he respects Turner, Pearson strongly supports his views, crosses the boundaries, and recognizes other factors in the development of the United States. Turner 's paper was also criticized by Patricia Nelson Limerick in his 1987 book "Heritage of Conquest: The Seamless Past of the American West". Limerick insists on the concept of "a new history in the West". There, the western United States is seen as a place rather than a limited expansion process. Limerick is promoting ongoing learning in the history and social atmosphere of the western United States, I believe that this atmosphere has not ended in 1890 but continues today as well.

Turner's cutting-edge papers constitute groundbreaking documents in American history in several reasons. First, Turner rejected "bacteria theory" and since the American institutions and practices were imported from Europe, it emphasizes the continuity of the system and no longer emphasizes the importance of American experience. It is contrary to the focus of colonies and the Atlantic coast. "The real view of the history of this country is not the Atlantic coast, not the Atlantic Ocean" (Turner 3), and historians claim to provide a new perspective for America's history. Finally, Turner has offered American history to his contemporaries. And it explains the process of Americanization, where a unique country is created by different nationality and cultural practices.

In answer to Turner 's paper on American frontier frontier, Turner' s Significance of American Frontier 'presents a major model for understanding American history. Turner discovered the idea of ​​exposing the 1890 census that is about to cross the border. In other words, the country occupied the mainland border. - In the field of black studies, it has been exposed to many important people who had a great influence on the history of black people. These leaders are appropriate and usually divided into two categories: attractive leaders and bridge leaders. A woman, Berinda Lonet, who proposes the concept of a leader of a bridge and charm, defines a charismatic leader as "an actor who occupies the office of an organization with power and personal power to his subordinates".