The French Monarchy

J. B. Bossuet of the French monarchy states that the absolute monarchy has four basic features. They say, "The authority of the kingdom is sacred primarily, secondly it is patriarchal, thirdly it is absolute, fourth it is justified." These four characteristics The control of Henry IV and Louis XIV has repeatedly proved that the Boss statement truly reflects the absolute monarchy. Each of Bossuet's views on absolute monarchy can be seen in the action and life of the Bourbon dynasty.

Politics: Because the powers of the monarchy expanded, the nobles of the towns, provinces and Calvinists established the French monarchy and united to stop the centralized monarchy. (Politics: The group that appeared during the French religious war of the 16th century placed politics above religion and believed that no religious truth worthy of embarrassment of the civil war.

French political, economic and social problems of the 18th century brought the French Revolution. The political problem is the French monarchy itself. The monarchy is a system where the country is governed by a single power (king). The economic problem is the decline of the French economy. The social problem is that society is divided into three real estate, clergy, aristocracy and the general public. The French Revolution consisted of three stages. The first was the free revolution, the second was the French Republic, and the third was the Napoleonic era. In the first stage of the influence of John Rock, the French wanted to be released. According to John Locke, everyone has inseparable human rights, and the government should protect these rather than deprive them of their impossible rights. In fact, however, the French monarchy abuses the natural rights of mankind. John Rock personally criticizes monarchy and social inequality

In 1789, the French people overthrew their monarchy and founded the first French Republic. French human rights declaration and civil rights declaration were born from the revolution and were written by representatives of clergy, aristocrats and citizens who wrote ideas of enlightenment figures such as Voltaire, Montequy, Encyclopedia, Rousseau. . "Declaration" defined the natural right of human beings as a "right to resist freedom, property, security and oppression" by attacking the monarchical political and legal system. It replaces the aristocratic privilege system under the monarchy with the principle of equality before the law. However, the theoretical concept of equalityal terms and equal rights takes time to translate into reality. Society is very unequal and it will take several generations to implement.

Under the guidance of Napoleon, French political, educational, and legal system fundamentally changed. Despite the reappearance of the French monarchy, the revolution not only reconstructed France, but also reintegrated the political contours of Europe. The entire authority structure of France was knocked down, but the exciting ideal of the French revolutionaries announced and learned from European enlightenment of the 18th century, "Liberty, equality, and fraternity" is a template for transformation of the whole world It seemed to provide. Mainland and other regions