The First Philosophers: The Presocratics and Sophists

This is a gathering of former Socrates' wonderful authoritative philosophical thought. As only a few fragments and witnesses will survive it is still difficult to understand even in highly structured and clearly described versions. Many explanations are ambiguous and contradictory, fragments are ambiguous and difficult to decipher in many cases. Despite the difficulties of all sentences, it is absolutely necessary for all students of philosophy and the history of science.

If the Sophist is merely hiring a teacher, nothing is wonderful. However, in reality, most of their teachings are controversial and include important philosophical themes. First, like other theological philosophers, they claim a naturalistic worldview to replace the traditional and old mythical worldview. This helps to compromise the traditional moral and religious values ​​of the children they teach. Secondly, many Sofist teach controversial techniques called anti-logic to their students. For example, a book called Twofold Arguments written by an anonymous boss summarizes the pros and cons of ethical issues such as the ability to teach moral goodness, honor, justice, and virtue. As a result of this teaching, the boss is accused of destroying the concept of truth by showing weaker debates more strongly.

Elea's Parmenides is a Greek theologian philosopher. As the first philosopher who explored the existence itself, he is undoubtedly called the "father of metaphysics". As the first reason to use deductive and transcendental debate to prove his argument, his title to compete with Aristotle is "image of his father". Logic "He is often considered a founder of" elementary school "- a philosophical label due to Presocratics, who is believed to believe in a sense that it is a unified, unchanging single existence in a sense. Given this suspicious interpretation, Parmenides has traditionally been seen as an important figure in the history of philosophy: a metaphysical standard that must challenge the predecessor's physical system and its successors. character

The last group of theocracy philosophers was the boss who is a group of freelance teachers ("Greek" wise men) "known for their skepticism. They travel in the Greek region, but sometimes as a political representative of their hometown, they travel in Greece's greatest city, Athens. At the time, they were filled with important educational functions. In the absence of public schools, the choice of parents is limited to educating children. The two general options are to find a nearby businessman whose father is going to raise his son in family business or treat his son as an apprentice. Sobist provides a third option that is especially attractive for wealthy families. Sophist argues that anything can be taught, they charge for their service. They are particularly good at rhetoric and politics, attracting parents who want to make their sons the leaders of citizens.