The Final Process in Inflammation: Wound Healing

Macrophages, endotoxins, cytokines such as interferons secreted by T lymphocytes sensitized γ (IFN-γ), extracellular matrix (ECM, such as mediators and fibronectin produced during acute inflammation released by bacteria ) Protein. 1]. When macrophages are activated, reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF, a variety of biologically active substances such as arachidonic acid is secreted. Turn it. 1] Lymphocytes: Lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes migrate to sites of inflammation with the help of cytokines and adhesion molecules.

Wound healing is a complex physiological process involving interactions between various types of cells, growth factors, ECM components and proteases. During normal wound healing the stages of inflammation, proliferation and remodeling occur continuously, sometimes in a sometimes overlapping fashion. Skin injury exposes intravascular platelets to subcutaneous collagen, resulting in thrombin formation. Platelets activated by thrombin release several growth factors that ultimately form hemostatic plugs. The growth factors released by activated platelets, epidermal growth factor (EGF), heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor, platelet-derived EGF, platelet derived Includes growth factors (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF) -alpha and TGF-β (TGF-β)

Wound healing is a complex process that is the recovery of normal tissue structure. The regulation of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) plays an important role in wound healing. The normal wound healing process is an ordered sequence of cellular and tissue responses placed in four stages. They are homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. Factors affecting the healing of diabetic wounds, overproduction of TNF-.alpha., growth factors, MMP, increased apoptosis is excessive degradation and long-term inflammation of ECM. Understanding its mechanisms and complications can reduce morbidity and mortality and create new treatment options

Wound healing and tissue repair undergoes complex multistage processes including inflammation, collagen metabolism, wound contraction and epithelialization. Understanding nutrient utilization at each stage will help evaluate patients with wound complications and establish a care plan. Increased permeability, leukocytes and macrophages absorb necrotic substances and bacteria, combat infection and prepare areas for new tissue growth. Collagen metabolism brings tensile strength and integrity to wound healing. Fibroblasts stimulate the formation of collagen, which requires the formation of specific enzymes lysyl and prolyl hydroxylase. The activities of these enzymes require oxygen, vitamin C and iron as cofactors. Glycosylation of collagen occurs by O-lysyl galactosyltransferase. The enzyme requires manganese as a cofactor