The Evolutionary Fate and Consequences of Duplicate Genes

Although gene duplication is often seen as a necessary material source for evolutionary novelty, the frequency of gene duplication and the frequency with which they develop new functions are unknown. Observations from the genomic databases of several eukaryotic species indicate that repetitive genes appear at a very high rate with an average of 0.01 genes per million years. Most repetitive genes experienced short relaxation options early in its history, some of which developed effectively neutrally during this period. However, most gene duplications have been silent for millions of years, and a few survivors have since received strong purification options. Although repetitive genes may rarely develop new functions, random silencing of these genes may play an important role in the passive origin of new species.

Segment replication by reverse transcription or reverse transcription of mRNA sequences is an evolutionary mechanism for generating new genes with novel biological functions. Repetitive genes can become nonfunctional (pseudogenes), new functions (acquire new functions), or (using some of the previous functions) secondary functions (Ohno 1999; Hurles 2004). This species-specific change in the copy number of the gene family enables the evolution of species-specific new functions and is therefore a locus associated with research. Recent studies have reported that 33% of the human repeats are human specific (Cheng et al. 2005) and there are estimated 200-300 specific re-transformed gene copies in human and chimpanzee Has been reported. Consortium 2005) has enough landscape to explore. Noteworthy is that previous studies have shown that humans are experiencing a change in the number of plagiarisms than the number of plagiarism (Fortna et al. 2005) and the SPANX-B gene (Kouprina et al . 2004a).

Although gene duplication is often seen as a necessary material source for evolutionary novelty, the frequency of gene duplication and the frequency with which they develop new functions are unknown. Observations from the genomic databases of several eukaryotic species indicate that repetitive genes appear at a very high rate with an average of 0.01 genes per million years. Most repetitive genes experienced short relaxation options early in its history, some of which developed effectively neutrally during this period. However, most gene duplications have been silent for millions of years, and a few survivors have since received strong purification options. Although repetitive genes may rarely develop new functions, random silencing of these genes may play an important role in the passive origin of new species.