The Essence of Engineering and Meta-Engineering: A Work in Progress

In the first draft, we will begin a program to continuously clarify the concept of engineering. In our opinion, engineering is developing into institution, occupation and concept, so it is an incomplete definition process. Descriptive engineering is also an evolving process that can last longer and more accurately, but it is always possible to become clearer and more accurate. For this reason, this process takes a small step, finding the essence of the term, judging the commonality of different kinds of engineering activities, and various definitions of terms. These similarities are regarded as conditions necessary for every engineering activity. Using these new conditions we present a hypothetical definition that defines the concept of meta - engineering. We will distinguish between science and engineering and show that they are opposite each other in an important sense. Such objections are large, not contradictory. This allows you to identify these two comprehensive aspects and coordinate them through the cybernetic cycle. It also shows synergy between engineering and industry. From these two comprehensive perspectives, engineering can be expressed as a "network bridge" between science and industry, and between them and society. It also identifies the major changes that should be made in engineering education, the meaning of the definitions we propose, new requirements for globalization, and the need to prepare "global engineers". In the second step, we will identify the characteristics of engineering activities separately from other occupations such as medicine and law. The second step will be executed in the second version of the draft The first step is the first step.

"Engineering" provides essential and conceptual foundations common to various engineering activities and disciplines. This basic definition is used to define meta-engineering from an analytical point of view. It may promote further research on this subject. Practicality: Requirements From the literature on the nature of engineering it is easy to conclude that the necessary (but insufficient) conditions for engineering activities are to produce something useful for the benefit of mankind. The most representative engineering committees, universities or professional associations, and most knowledgeable writers, all include this important aspect in their engineering definition. Let's see some typical examples.

• Application of tissue engineering in engineering organization. Now let's infer the analytical definition of the meta-project based on the basic definition of engineering above. "Engineering is the development of new knowledge (science), new" things "(technology), and / or new work and practice (practice) and aims to create new useful products (relics) . As mentioned earlier, engineering activities have three aspects: science, technology, and practice meta-engineers have the same three aspects, but the second level. Representative but comprehensive list of meta-engineering activities and products not included If you want to be more specific or analytical, you can also subdivide engineering activities in each of the three dimensions.