The Disease Retinoblastoma

Erythemoblastoma has even illness that may be hidden in young children to date. This is a direct result of a genetic mutation that can cause resection of the eye. Both boys and girls are infected, and 1 to 15 to 30,000 babies are infected each year (Ambramson, Ch1). Eye damage and chromosomal abnormalities of this kind occur in about 300 to 350 new cases each year. It is called retinoblastoma. Many signs include "white baboons". Retinoblastoma occurs in one or both eyes (Paul T.

Retinoblastoma may be hereditary or sporadic. Those who have a mutation in one of the RB1 alleles of germline cells are thought to be susceptible to this disease. Such cases are classified as hereditary retinoblastoma. Both hereditary and non-hereditary retinoblastomas may show tumors in one or both eyes. In hereditary forms of retinoblastoma, germline mutations are transmitted by high penetrance (90%) autosomal dominant features (Martinez et al). Most of the reported cases are sporadic (Knudson, 1971; Mateu et al., 1997).

Alfred Knudson has recognized that patients with hereditary bilateral retinoblastoma have a lower diagnosis age than children with non-hereditary diseases, primarily unilateral retinoblastoma. In the case of unilateral retinoblastoma, the average age of individuals diagnosed for 5 months of cases of bilateral retinoblastoma was 19 months. In addition, in most cases of familial retinoblastoma, tumors occur in both eyes. In order to explain these two important phenomena, age of onset of one or both eyes and tumor development (monofocus or multifocal), Knudson proposed a "two click hypothesis".

Why does retinoblastoma occur in the eyes of one person and the eyes of others? Another finding is that most patients with binocular retinoblastoma have a faster diagnosis time than patients with unilateral retinoblastoma. What is the difference in the expression of the prevalence of these two genotypes in cases of unilateral retinoblastoma? Knudson explained this in his study. The frequency of retinoblastoma is 1/13, 500 (Mateu et al., 1997), 1 to 20,000 (Di Commo et al., 2000). It occurs in both genetic and non-genetic forms (Knudson, Lee et al.) And there is no significant difference between ethnic, national or industrial levels (Mateu et al., 1997). However, Mastrangelo expressed a contradictory view when casting doubt on the reliability of the data.