The Discovery of Embrionic Stem Cells

When scientists discovered that stem cells could be used to repair the human body, they created one of the biggest controversies in history. Stem cells are naked cells found in human corpses and have the ability to produce the same copy over a relatively long period of time. Stem cells are different as they can be used exclusively for blood, brain, tissue and muscle cells. Stem cells have the ability to advance in the medical field in various ways.

However, the findings in the field of stem cells have proven to be incorrect. One such example is the famous STAP stem cell. STAP stem cells were first discovered by Japanese scientist Haruko Oshika and her mentor Yasuki Sasai. Abbreviation STAP stands for stimulus-induced pluripotency. Among her papers published in Nature Science, Obokata claims that STAP cells can be produced from normal adult stem cells. However, unlike iPS cells, cellular genetic mutation or DNA manipulation is unnecessary. Instead, the cells can simply be exposed to physical stress, such as by contacting the cells with the toxin, or soaking them in acid. This produces stem cells that function as much as embryonic stem cells. However, shortly after the publication of the paper, stem cell experts began to question the validity of the paper.

There are three types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, artificial pluripotent stem cells (iPS). The most famous type of stem cells are embryonic stem cells. This is due to the extensive coverage of such stem cells by the media and the many judiciary laws developed based on their use. Because they are the most flexible stem cell types, they are also popular among researchers. Unlike their more mature counterparts, they have the ability to regenerate all types of cells. Embryonic stem cells are found in two areas: umbilical cord and embryo. Embryonic stem cells are found in blood taken from umbilical cord immediately after birth. It contains hematopoietic stem cells that can be used to produce erythrocytes; among other things. There are also mesenchymal stem cells that can be used to grow muscle and bones. Hematopoietic cells are used for the treatment of blood related diseases such as autoimmune diseases and leukemia