The Discovery and Development of Penicilin

Since it was first used in 1942, penicillin has been regarded as a miracle medicine by doctors. It cure almost all diseases and it is a major turning point in World War II. Bacterial strains discovered over the past 40 years were able to withstand the power of penicillin. Mass production and misuse of penicillin make miracle drugs ineffective for serious infection. Penicillin is an antibiotic. The first antibiotic was discovered by Paul Vuillemin. He studied the role of antibiotics, or another life process in which organisms maintain their own lives to maintain their own lives (Porter 455).

Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery remains long and is an "expensive, difficult and inefficient way" and the rate of new treatments is low. Research and development costs for each new molecular entity (NME) in 2010 were approximately $ 1.8 billion. Drug discovery was conducted with the support of pharmaceutical companies conducting research at university. The "final product" of drug discovery is a patent for potential drugs. This medicine requires very expensive Phase I, Phase II and Phase III clinical trials, but most of them have failed. SMEs play an important role, and in many cases they sell rights to large companies that are running clinical trial resources.

When lead compounds are identified through the drug discovery process, drug discovery is the process of introducing new drugs to the market. It may include preclinical trials (microbial / animal) and clinical trials (for humans) and steps to obtain regulatory approval to sell drugs. Drug regulations vary by jurisdiction. In some countries such as the United States, it is regulated by government agencies at the national level. In other jurisdictions, as in Australia, it is regulated at the state level or is regulated by various agencies at the state and national level. The role of therapeutic drug regulation is to protect the health and safety of the population mainly. Regulations are designed to ensure the safety, quality and effectiveness of therapeutic products within this regulation. In most jurisdictions it is necessary to register medical supplies before sale is allowed