The Diamond

Diamond diamonds are the most famous gem. It is known as its glow and the hardest mineral on the planet "King of Jewels". (Foa, page 50) That feature serves it for many different purposes. Since diamond is the hardest diamond on the Mohs scale, it provides tools useful for industrial applications such as drilling of hard materials. However, they are very rare, which makes them very profitable. Their beauty and glow make them a perfect choice for jewelry. Diamond is made of carbon.

Diamond mimic is a non diamond material used to simulate the appearance of diamond, sometimes called water diamond. Cubic zirconia is the most common. Jewelry (silicon carbide) can be treated as a diamond mimetic, but it is more expensive to manufacture than cubic zirconia. Both are synthesized and produced. Diamond reinforcement is a special treatment of natural or synthetic diamonds (usually gemstone-cut and polished diamonds) and is designed to improve stone jewelry properties in one or more ways. These include laser drilling for inclusion removal, application of sealants to fill cracks, treatment to improve the white grade of white diamonds, and processing to color white diamonds.

Nitrogen is the most common impurity found in jewelry and is the cause of yellow and brown in diamond. Boron is the cause of blue. Diamond has two more color sources. Radiation (usually due to alpha particles), green diamond color, and plastic deformation of the diamond lattice. Plastic deformation is the reason for some brown and possibly pink and red diamond colors. To increase scarcity, yellow diamonds are followed by brown, colorless, then blue, green, black, pink, orange, purple, and red. "Black" or Carbonado, Diamonds are not really black, but give the gemstones a black appearance and contain many dark inclusions. Colored diamonds contain impurities and structural defects that cause coloring, but pure or nearly pure diamonds are transparent and colorless. Most diamond impurities replace carbon atoms in the crystal lattice and are called carbon defects.

But hey! For diamonds, impurities are not necessarily bad. In fact, many color diamonds are caused by impurities. For example, the boron impurity can make the diamond blue. Nitrogen can make them yellow. In many cases, the prices of these diamonds are very rare and therefore higher than the price of ordinary diamonds. However, the presence of these impurities is about one-tenth of one million atoms, and coal is worse than this. If you give Superman an inventory full of coal, in the best case he can really make some real low-level diamonds you will not bring too much to you I will. A more realistic result is that he sends a piece of black powder back to you. Fortunately, if you are giving you a bunch of pencils to your aunt or grandmother at Christmas, we are doing business now.