The Crowd

People with the most different intelligence have very similar instincts, passions and emotions. In everything belonging to the realm of emotion, such as religion, politics, morality, emotions, resistance, the most excellent people rarely exceed the standards of most ordinary people. From an intellectual perspective, there may be an abyss between a great mathematician and his bootmaker, but from a personal point of view the difference is often small or nonexistent.

Literature on the behavior of the crowd and crowds began as early as 1841, with the publication of Charles Mackay's book "Extraordinarily popular delusions" and "Crowds of crazy people". The publication of Hippolyte Taine's six books "The Origin of Modern French" (1875), the attitude of the crowd was adjusted. In particular, Taine's work helped to change the perception of his contemporary people against the actions taken by the crowd during the revolution of 1789. Many Europeans respect him very much. It is difficult to link his work directly to the crowd's behavior, but his ideas stimulate further research on the crowd's behavior. However, it was not until the late 19th century that the scientific interest in this field gained momentum. French doctor and anthropologist Gustave Le Bon became his most influential theorist

Siegmund Freud's crowd behavior theory mainly includes the idea that being a member of the crowd will help solve an unconscious mind. This happens because the super self moral awareness center is replaced by a large number of people and replaced with a charismatic crowd leader. McDougall is similar to Freud's view, he said that excessively simple emotions are common, complex emotions are even more rare. Within the crowd, the emotional experience that is shared in its entirety returns to the lowest common denominator (LCD) and leads to the original level of emotional expression. This organizational structure is a "primitive tribe" - a former civilized society - Freud said that leaders must be opposed (to reestablish personal morality) to get rid of it. Moskovsky extended the idea and discussed how dictators like Mao and Stalin used mass psychology to position themselves in this "tribal leader" position.