The Challenges of Non-timber Forest Ecosystem Services Approach

As a focus of forest management, forest ecosystem services were born and replaced wood. Eftec (2005) defines forest ecosystem services as a benefit of forests that support human life through these natural processes, such as regulation of air, water, nutrient circulation, microclimate stabilization, drought and flood prevention I will. In this approach, we will not focus on maintaining the product itself, especially wood, but how to maintain all the natural processes in the forest to maintain natural products such as water, fresh air, fruits I emphasize.

Ecosystem services are all the benefits the environment brings to society. Healthy forest ecosystems provide a wide range of services such as oxygen, watershed protection, timber production, energy, plant pollination, wildlife habitat, biodiversity, landscape. Landlords implementing sustainable forest management will not only produce healthy and resilient forests for their own use and enjoyment, but also provide benefit to all other citizens. Traditionally, ecosystem services are considered free services or "public goods", and society has no economic value. However, new emerging new markets may offer incentives to those who provide these services. In the future forest owners may be able to participate in the market and generate income. It balances the costs of generating these benefits and helps to increase the social value of forest areas.

From healthy wildlife habitats to timber and other forest products, entertainment, mental and cultural values, healthy natural ecosystems bring various benefits. More and more people are aware of the value of these "ecosystem services" and the need to ensure that they are available now and in the future. America

Mangroves are the source of livelihoods of thousands of coastal communities in developing countries around the world, and these communities have traditionally harvested fish, shrimp, wood and non-timber forest products and are obtaining fuel from them. The importance of mangrove ecosystems is beyond supply services including regulation, ecology, culture and aesthetic services. However, these services are decreasing globally, especially in providing services that increase the vulnerability to tropical storms and storm surges, risking the lives of coastal communities. These trends are the result of increased human activity, such as brackish aquaculture, mangrove purification for infrastructure development, and various levels of raw harvest.