The Association Between Austism Spectrum and the Y Chromosome

Deadline: Relationship between autism spectrum and chromosome organization on Monday, May 5, 2014 - Genetic literature review Introduction Autism occurs in the early stages and lasts throughout the life of the patient. The symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are communication, perceptual disorder, mental disorder, tendency to isolate from others and weakness of repeated behavior. Many genetic studies so far have revealed that genetic factors have a major influence on autism, so clear evidence has been obtained.

The main difference between men and women is the X and Y chromosomes. In humans, two X chromosomes form females and X and Y chromosomes constitute men. However, there are other differences between these chromosomes. Some differences include size, number of genes, and even abnormal chromosome pairing. Depending on the animals, Z chromosome and W chromosome are used, so the gender determination system is different for animals. The male Y chromosome and the female X chromosome differ in size, but they also have different numbers of working genes on the chromosome. The X chromosome contains over 1000 working genes and the Y chromosome contains less than 100 working genes. There are X chromosomes in men, but if there is another X chromosome, its behavior differs greatly from the case where there is a Y chromosome. Of the working genes on the X chromosome, 200 to 300 are gender specific, so only 700 to 800 working genes are shared and activated between men and women.

No chromosome X contains about 800 genes and chromosome Y contains about 50 genes. A woman has two X chromosomes. Men have one X and one Y chromosome. The Y chromosome codes instructions related to "male". Since DNA is scarcely contained, there is a possibility that the gene may induce genes on other chromosomes and actually work. This is not because the X chromosome looks like X and the Y chromosome does not look like Y. Since it is different from all other chromosomes, we call it "X element". Eventually we found the partner and call it "Y".

Gender is determined by two chromosomes. Men have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome and women have two X chromosomes. The Y chromosome contains the SRY gene, which triggers a large number of androgens (including the testosterone group) at some point during the 6 th to 12 th week of gestation, leading to the development of penis and testes. However, this fetal testosterone bath also leaves traces in the structure of the brain, resulting in sexually abnormal brain circuits. These differences are expected to be seen in areas such as sex differences and hypothalamus related to reproductive behavior. But the researchers also noticed the differences in the memories, moods and stress related circuits. Men are large in amygdala and parietal lobes, whereas women are slightly larger in the frontal cortex and peripheral cortical areas.