The Anion Gap

The anion gap is the difference between the anion level and the cation level in the biological fluid. The common cations that are measured are sodium and potassium, but potassium is not normally included in the calculation because of the very low levels of body fluids (Emmett and Narins, 1977, p. 38). Common anions used to calculate anion gap are chloride ion and bicarbonate ion. The anion gap is calculated as follows. [(Na 2 + + K +) - (Cl - + HCO 3 -)] (Wilson, 2012, p. 907) In general, potassium ions are not included due to low concentration and stable amount.

Although the magnitude of the anion gap metabolic bias is important, it is rare to identify the cause of metabolic acidosis in individual patients. In this regard, the next useful step is to determine the anion gap. The electrical neutrality of the plasma means that the number of anions is equal to the number of cations. Most of these ions are "visible" in conventional laboratories: Na +, K + Cl - and HCO 3 -. I can not see small parts. Can we hide unusual acids in invisible corners of acidosis patients? For example, lactic acid, or β-hydroxybutyrate acetoacetate body? Next, the amount of these anions can be estimated by comparing the anion concentration and the cation concentration. By doing so, you ignore K + and become lazy. In any case, its concentration is small, and it is not surprised by a 3% constant error. let's go:

Cations and anions are measured by their ionic radius and their relative size is different. "Cations are small and radius is less than 10 - 10 m (10 - 8 cm), but most anions are large, the most common ones are on the earth negative ions, oxygen From this fact, Most of the ions are occupied by anions, and cations are considered to be suitable for the space between them. Various phenomena in the layer The atoms in the ionic state have different colors from the neutral atoms Thus the light absorption of metal ions gives color to the gemstone The interaction of water and ions is very important in inorganic and organic chemistry (including biochemistry); examples are adenosine triphosphate ( ATP) to promote the decomposition of energy.