Technology and the Human Genome Project

Technology and human genome programming technology are changing the way the world functions in widespread ways with unprecedented speed. As we said, scientists from laboratories around the world are decoding the rest of the genome map. One day (even now), according to information edited by GenBank, scientists can discover new drugs, new gene therapy methods, and other precautions that can greatly improve the quality of life ( NCBI ¶ 1). David Smith, who was the director of the Department of Energy said: "This is an exciting and challenging period for biologists.

Since 1976, our understanding of how life evolved has changed. As genes become the main idea of ​​biology in the 1990's, there will be a technical gold rush - the human genome project - to find them. So we can see that we do not have sufficient genes to explain the complexities we assume and that the genome itself is full of DNA not composed of genes. Many of these fields are genetic control switches that tell the gene when and where it functions. Some have simply rotted the motivation of the genes, and their function disappeared in time.

Following the inadequacy of the Human Genome Project, the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) launched the Encoding Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project in September 2003. The purpose of ENCODE is to find all functional regions of the human genome regardless of whether they form genes. This initiative shows that millions of these noncoding character sequences perform necessary regulatory measures such as turning genes on or off in various types of cells. However, scientists have determined that these regulatory sequences have important functions, but they do not know what the function of each sequence is and which genes each sequence affects Hmm. This is because the sequence is usually far from its target gene, and in some cases it may be distant from millions of letters. In addition, many sequences play different roles in different types of cells.

The Human Genome Project completed the draft of Human Genome in early 2001, which brought about a great sensation. The project was completed in 2003 and the sequence of the whole genome of a particular person was determined. By 2007, the sequence was declared "completed" (one error was gathered in 20,000 bases and all The chromosome was assembled). In the next few years, the genomes of many other individuals were sequenced with the support of 1,000 genome projects announcing 1,092 genome sequencing in October 2012. The completion of the project was achieved. Effective sequencing technology requires a commitment to significant bioinformatics resources for large-scale international collaborative research. Continued analysis of human genome data gives a broad political and social impact to human society