Tank Chromatography.

Introduction of tank chromatography: Chromatography is a method of separating organic compounds and inorganic compounds for analysis. Scientists use chromatography to identify the basic ingredients that make up a particular mixture. Chromatography depends on the principle of selective absorption. Tswett, a botanist named M. S, first discovered chromatography in 1906. Tswett uses a method called "column chromatography" to separate chlorophyll by pouring the green leaf petroleum ether extract into a powdered calcium carbonate column.

Approximately 20 ml of solvent system of ammonia: methanol: chloroform (1: 19: 80) was placed in the chromatography tank. Place the filter paper against the inner wall of the chromatograph cell. Place the lid of the can to prevent evaporation of the solvent. The can was placed for about 20 minutes to form a saturated atmosphere. The TLC method was carried out by using four unknown samples labeled A, B, C, D and ethyl acetate. During the experiment, solutions were prepared from each of the four unknown samples A, B, C and D. Therefore, about 10 mg of each sample was placed in a small beaker with a microscraper and dissolved with a small amount of ethyl acetate.

Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatographic technique used to separate non-volatile mixtures. Thin layer chromatography on glass, plastic or aluminum foil is coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material, typically silica gel, alumina (alumina) or cellulose. This sorbent layer is called stationary phase. After applying the sample to the plate, a solvent or solvent mixture (called the mobile phase) is attracted to the plate by capillary action. Separation is achieved because different analytes raise the TLC plate at different rates. Mobile phase has properties different from stationary phase. For example, using a nonpolar mobile phase such as heptane, silica gel, which is a highly polar substance, is used. The mobile phase can be a mixture that allows chemists to fine tune the overall properties of the mobile phase.

The stationary phase in the chromatogram is a solid phase or a liquid phase coated on the surface of a solid phase. The mobile phase flowing through the stationary phase is a gas phase or a liquid phase. When the mobile phase is liquid it is called liquid chromatography (LC) and in the case of gas it is called gas chromatography (GC). Gas chromatography is used for mixtures of gases, volatile liquids and solid materials. Liquid chromatography is particularly useful for thermally unstable, nonvolatile samples.

There are four kinds of chromatographs. These are liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, thin layer chromatography and paper chromatography. The world uses liquid chromatography to test water samples for lake and river pollution. It is used for analysis of metal ions and organic compounds in solution. Liquid chromatography uses a liquid that can incorporate hydrophilic insoluble molecules. Gas chromatography is used at the airport to detect bombs and is used for evidence in various ways. It is used to analyze human body fibers and analyze blood found at crime scene. In gas chromatography, hydrazine is used to move the gaseous mixture through the column of absorbing material. Thin layer chromatography uses absorbing materials on flat glass or plastic plates. This is an easy and quick way to check the purity of organic compounds. It is used to detect pesticides and residual pesticides in food. We use a piece of paper as stationary phase