Sustainability and Issues in Indonesia

Since President Suharto passed three sets of laws on forestry, municipalities and foreign investment, ownership and land, natural resource management problems have arisen. Aboriginal tribes and customary communities suffering from taking away the land not only by local people, but also by private enterprises wanting to grab the natural resources of the land. So far the nomadic nomadic Olan Limba tribe who lives in the forest are still struggling for their living but at least they have a living space protected by government facilities in the national park.

Borneo is huge. After Greenland and New Guinea, it is the third largest island on Earth - two thirds belong to Indonesia. Beyond the equator, divided into Indonesia, Brunei and Malaysia, Borneo maintains one of the world's richest ecosystems. The largest island Borneo island in the Malay island consists of dense, inaccessible jungles and mountains surrounded by wetlands surrounded by mangroves. Borneo has a healthy genealogy among explorers. Alfred Russel Wallace - This 19th century British was called to break the theory of Charles Darwin's evolution - he was walking through Borneo for many months Borneo's rainforest is a book of his landmarks, I draw flora and fauna for the Malay archipelago. When Darwin was theorized at home, Wallace was crossing a thick jungle to make his own decision about natural choices.

Indonesia is one of the world's largest tropical forest areas. Indeed, the Indonesian forest cover is very rich in biodiversity and has more than a dozen major forest forms. Natural diversity and distribution of forest morphology in Indonesia is a function of rainfall conditions, elevation, soil, which are the main factors (Dick, 1991). The Indonesian archipelago is a tropical oceanic climate, strongly dominated by the western Indian Ocean and the southern part, and the north and eastern Pacific Ocean. In most areas, the mountains are over 2,500 meters, and Irian Jaya has the highest point between Himalaya and Andean (Puncak Jaya, 5002 meters above sea level). At the regional level, the most important influence on vegetation covers is the nature of the soil. Combined with these environmental factors, a rich Indonesian forest mosaic was born from evergreen rain forests to savanna forest areas, tideland mangroves, subtropical mountains, and subalpine forests.

Causes of deforestation and deforestation in Indonesia; case study on forest fires

Population growth and rapid industrialization in Indonesia are causing serious environmental problems. Because of high levels of poverty and insufficient resources, as well as insufficient governance, they are often given preference. Problems include peatland destruction, massive illegal deforestation and associated forest fires, serious smogs occurred in parts of western Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore, excessive development of marine resources, rapid urbanization And environmental problems related to industrial development including air pollution. Traffic congestion, waste management, reliable water supply and sewer service. Due to these problems Indonesia has a lower ranking in the environmental performance index in 2018, 133 out of 180 countries. The report also shows that Indonesia's performance is the lowest in the Asia-Pacific region.