Sun or Shade Grown Coffee

According to the International Coffee Association, "The worldwide spread of coffee planting and drinking began at the corner of Africa, which is said to have started in Cafa province of Ethiopia" ("The Story of Coffee"). And from this Ethiopian plateau, the original shaded coffee entered the Middle East, Europe and other parts of the world through trade and colonization. Moreover, since then, the demand for coffee has increased rapidly with the increase in global trade, economy and population, and this modern coffee is the second largest product after manufacturing billions of dollars in the coffee industry It is getting.

Coffee was historically a very advantageous crop and it was completely shady, but in 1972, various lightfast coffee was introduced to the market to increase production. The growers cut down the shade and planted these new ultra high yield plants. Before 1972, about 6 million acres of shade of coffee were planted around the world, and since 1972, 60% of the land was covered with trees. As usual, such movement has brought about wave of side effects. New solar plants require large amounts of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Since the shade is being cut down, soil stability is much lower, so toxic water is lost, soil erosion and soil depletion occur. Many other forms of living depend on different ecosystems that obscure the cultivation brought by growing coffee plantations. Since the introduction of Sun Coffee, the diversity of birds, bats, orchids, spiders, ants, bees, amphibians and mammals has dramatically decreased.

Coffee growing in the shade indicates that the coffee tree grows by other trees and provides shade to the coffee tree. Shady trees provide the necessary nutrients for coffee plants, protect coffee plants from insects and diseases, and contribute to farm biodiversity (Mouen Bedimo et al., 2008; Steward, 2007). Coffee plants naturally grow in shaded places and under shade trees, but coffee producers often remove shade trees and replace them with coffee plants to increase harvest. This makes coffee plants more susceptible to infection and invasion, increased use of fertilizers and the destruction of natural biodiversity in farms and areas (Mouen Bedimo et al., 2008; Stewart, 2007) . Therefore shading coffee is a more sustainable option and supports the natural environment of coffee cultivation.

During my college years, I spent the day in Seattle, where coffee is worshiped. As an avian scholar, I am concerned about the conflict between coffee I drink and birds I study and work with. Which coffee is suitable for birds: shade planting and sunbathing? At first, the answer is obvious. It is not difficult to imagine that vast and complicated animals and plants that rely on these biodiversity forests will disappear, as untouched rainforests are destroyed and give way to a single culture of coffee raised by the sun. That's why I like coffee in the shade.