Stem Cells: Are Stems Cells able to Generate Cartilage and Bone?

The ability of stem cells to make cartilage and bones seems silly thoughts. With the invention of the microscope in the 1800's, scientists were able to identify some cells that are readily produced and can be converted to other cells. This is the start of stem cell research. In 1961, Dr. Till and McCullough studied the effects of radiation on mouse bone marrow when it discovered the presence of pluripotent stem cells. In 1998, James Thomson of the University of Wisconsin-Madison isolated human embryonic stem cells and showed how they were focused and activated.

Mesenchymal stem cells are reported to exist in many tissues. Bone marrow-derived cells (bone marrow stromal stem cells, bone stem cells) produce a variety of cell types: osteocytes (osteoblasts and bone cells), chondrocytes (chondrocytes), adipocytes (adipocytes) Support stromal cells. Been formed. However, it is unclear how similar or different mesenchymal cells from a non-myeloid source are derived from the bone marrow stroma. Skin stem cells occur at the base of the epidermis and the base of the hair follicle. Epidermal stem cells produce keratinocytes that migrate to the surface of the skin and form a protective layer. Follicular stem cells produce hair follicles and epidermis

The concept of bone marrow including stem cells is not new. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), a group of bone marrow cells, are responsible for the formation of all kinds of blood cells in the body. HSC was considered stem cell more than 40 years ago. Bone marrow stromal cells are described shortly after the discovery of HSC, a bone, cartilage, fat, a mixed cell population producing fibrous connective tissue, and a network of networks supporting the formation of blood cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can also produce these tissues and constitute the same cell population as bone marrow stromal cells. Recently a group of progenitor cells (vascularly aligned cells) isolated into endothelial cells have been isolated from circulating blood and have been identified as being derived from bone marrow. Hematopoiesis and interstitial stem cell differentiation)