Source Water Identification in Alluvial Aquifers along the Ohio River with Reference to Hydrogeology, Geochemistry, Stable Isotope and Numerical Model

1 Introduction Groundwater is in contact with surface water. Traditionally, however, groundwater and surface water have been treated as independent water resources (Winter, 1998). Therefore, there is a risk of assigning the same water twice to water balance (Geosciences Australia, 2013) to manage groundwater and surface water resources. Not only are the two resources closely related, they interact. Therefore, Winter (1998) treats groundwater and surface water as a single resource.

Iwaku groundwater aquifer consists of alluvial sediments of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, consisting of mesocotamian clastic rocks and carbonate rocks. Possibility of alluvial aquifer is limited due to poor water quality. Alluvial aquifer contains many aquifers. Estimated annual recharge amount is 620 million cubic meters, direct penetration of rainfall, surface runoff. Low-quality riverbank countries are dissatisfied with water quality. So far, the use of Turkey's water was limited to hydroelectric power and irrigation. While the use of the former is considered non-consuming and not directly related to water quality, restoration of irrigation can cause water pollution, which in turn will affect potential downstream use. Equally important is the natural cause of environmental problems, as some residual features shared by the two rivers exacerbate the devastating effects of human pollution.

"Intake" refers to taking water or taking water from natural sources (rivers, lakes, groundwater aquifers, etc.) for various uses ranging from drinking to irrigation, processing and industrial applications . According to the World Bank, approximately 48.6 million cubic meters of drinking water is draining out of the official supply network and supplies enough water to 200 million people. In China, this water loss accounts for about 30% to 50% of the total treated water. (Brookings Report)