Social Stratification in China during an Era of Transition

Professor Andrew Walder, in collaboration with UCLA and sociologist at Renmin University of China in Beijing, designed and developed a nationwide survey targeting 6,400 Chinese families. This survey was conducted in 1996 and is the first survey in China. It gathers detailed information on family occupation, income and dwelling circumstances, the full professional and educational history of respondents, spouse, parents and grandparents' detailed history. This information solves two major themes: the impact of the Chinese revolution and socialist system on status inheritance and personal opportunity models from 1949 to 1979, and the impact of market reform on the Mao Zedong era model since 1980 can. . The design of the survey was conducted simultaneously with the investigation of Russia and the other five Eastern European countries (completed in 1993), so it is now possible to compare directly with other countries. Professor Wald, his co-workers and their students analyze the data to comprehend the social impact of the Chinese revolution and subsequent market reforms over the long term, from a comparison and historical perspective.

So far, the team's findings include five noteworthy points. First, since 1949, higher education has always been an inevitable requirement for China's elite professional position, but it was not until 1988 that it became the primary decision maker of the government or the industry . Secondly, party members were always virtual prerequisites for promotion to the position of decision making, but even in the Mao Zedong era, we never raised the possibility of promotion to the professional position of the elite It was. Third, rural politicians continue to enjoy an increase in net income over other rural households and will enter the 20th year of market reform. Their advantage is not that they participate in family management - they seem to avoid doing so - but village officials salaries and bonuses grow rapidly in market oriented rural economies Because it is. Fourth, the personal housing business expanded significantly in the past 20 years, and now more than 25% of rural households earn higher income from personal production goods or services. Fifth, the benefits of rural executives will not shrink due to local economic development, but the recovery of family entrepreneurship is certainly the truth. In other words, wages and wages are adopted instead of private family management.

Over the last few decades, China's class structure has undergone a drastic change, affecting one-fifth of the world's population. "Chinese class and social stratification handbook" is the most comprehensive work on this important topic. It summarizes the expertise of twenty Chinese academic experts who made superb clarity and insight all the important aspects of Chinese social strata. This book is a journey of strength. "This handbook is a great text for Chinese classrooms and stratified courses and is a wonderful primer for readers who are interested in learning about China There are lots of interesting subjects clearly written, Easy to read, resolve modern Chinese society and politics Continuity and change

The latest answers to this question are as follows. "Please give us another example of China's serious social stratum." Chinese instructor Quora, employed at the Chinese National Museum, has concerns by social stratum in China. . The answer is that high schools in the suburbs of Beijing and major elementary schools in Beijing are totally in contrast to education and economic abilities. In the answer to the interpreter, he explained how the junior high school student group came to the national museum one hour later than expected. As the delivery company charged an additional waiting fee, their teacher asked me to start in order to have lunch one hour early in the scheduled time. In contrast, students of more famous elementary schools (famous scholars, party members, and well known descendants of successful businessmen) have a great interest in learning without stopping lunch .