Social Capital's Roles in Community Building

Introduction Social capital plays an important role in building communities and economic development. Charles Stewart Mott Foundation supports research on poverty through funding. In 1996, the Mott Foundation issued two subsidies in anticipation of improving the way the community is constructed and changing direction. Firstly, Robert Putnam was awarded a grant to teach scholars, supporters and practitioners to create social capital and finally explore ways to strengthen civil society. Second, the National Citizenship Coalition (NCL) received another subsidy to teach community organizations how to implement their own assessment.

How can social capital play a role in building the community's ability to endure natural disasters? This is the question that Shimada Tsuyoshi investigated in chapter 12. Part of concern for the role of social capital arises from necessity: natural disasters become more frequent, poor countries face the greatest risk. It is highly possible to succeed. Shimada believes that social capital is the most viable - and perhaps the only - social safety net available to the poorest during the crisis. This is partly due to the function of a typical weak country where the extreme poor, where the official safety net is undeveloped. But more important is the flexibility of social capital itself. As a direct result of natural disasters, the operation of institutions and markets may collapse rapidly.

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Social capital: For individuals, social capital is a relationship with family, friends, colleagues. In the community, social capital can be measured by the level of trust, the cohesiveness of social networks, and the quality of leadership. In the event of a disaster, social capital literally means the difference between life and death. Flexible communities build social capital by encouraging interactive public spaces and traditions, institutions that allow neighboring people to help each other. Agencies: flexible people have a sense of controlling their destinies, dynamic cities allow citizens to participate fully in decision-making. Fundamentally, agents are about power: personal and political. Institutional strategies include community organizations, education, public health and social initiatives, and citizen participation.