Social capital, class gender and race conflict, and population health: an essay review of Bowling Alone‘s implications for social epidemiology: Bowling alone. The collapse and revival of American community. RD Putnam. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000, pp.544, US$26. ISBN: 0 684 83283 6.

Improve community and group cohesion to improve group health based on class / race / sex model in social capital and social epidemiology. The purpose of social capital is to build a cohesive society within the classroom and between classes. On the other hand, classes, gender, and ethnic patterns argue that the conflict between owner / manager and workers, white and non-white men, men and women is an improvement in the population. It is indispensable to health. Neo-liberal utopia aims at an atomization society for selfish "rational" individuals. Many revolutionary utopias underline the need for lower unity between ruling classes to achieve a positive social change. According to this analysis, social capital ignores the positive impact of conflicts arising from class, gender and ethnic inequality on the health of the population.

Improve community and group cohesion to improve group health based on class / race / sex model in social capital and social epidemiology. The purpose of social capital is to build a cohesive society within the classroom and between classes. On the other hand, classes, gender, and ethnic patterns argue that the conflict between owner / manager and workers, white and non-white men, men and women is an improvement in the population. It is indispensable to health. Neo-liberal utopia aims at an atomization society for selfish "rational" individuals. Many revolutionary utopias underline the need for lower unity between ruling classes to achieve a positive social change. According to this analysis, social capital ignores the positive impact of conflicts arising from class, gender and ethnic inequality on the health of the population.

Recently, social capital was injected into the mainstream by Professor Robert Putnam of Harvard University in 2000 "Personal Bowling: Collapse and Rejuvenation of the American Community" in 2000. Putnam explains the combination of two forms of social capital that connect people in the same group, strengthening monopoly and homogeneity (religion, country club), and bridging that connects and expands groups. Identity, diversity and reciprocity Firstly, as we move further into the information and knowledge-intensive economy, networks organized as traditional hierarchies will become more common. Information, especially complicated information, is spreading better in the network structure. As political scientist Francis Fukuyama argued, the collapse of the Soviet Union was an attempt to establish a hierarchy in an information-based system (modern economic system) more and more.

Bowling alone: ​​The collapse and resurrection of the American community is Robert D. Putnam 's 2000 non - fiction book. It was developed from his 1995 article titled "Single Bowling: Social Capital of Declining America." Putnam investigated the decline of American social capital since 1950. He explained the reduction in all facing social activities that Americans used to find, educate and enrich the structure of social life. He believes that this weakens democratic active participation and believes that strong democracy requires citizen's participation.