Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

Smoking and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are literally, smoking is a fatal habit. Other factors such as smoking, hypertension and cholesterol can cause chronic illness. One of the biggest fatalities for men and women in the United States is cardiovascular disease. There are many factors in cardiovascular disease, but smoking itself is a high risk of developing this disease. Since the smoke around you will kill you, non smokers must also pay attention to the air they suck.

Smoking is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is noteworthy that CVD is the leading cause of death in the United States and CVD has caused approximately 800,000 deaths annually. Approximately 8 million people have heart attacks and 7 million people suffer a stroke. Those smoking less than five cigarettes per day will continue to show earlier CVD symptoms. When exposed to secondhand smoke, cardiovascular disease may also be caused. More than 33,000 nonsmokers will be exposed to secondhand smoke and die and will cause nonsmokers heart attacks and strokes

Major cardiovascular diseases (CVD) include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, rheumatic heart disease, and congenital heart disease. The main risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease are smoking, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, high blood pressure, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. CVD is also caused by a variety of genetic causes such as single gene mutation, multiple gene interactions, environmental factors. Economic change, urbanization, industrialization, and globalization have led to changes in lifestyle that promote heart disease. The average life expectancy of developing countries rises sharply and people are exposed to these risk factors for a long time

Some of the factors that affect the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD) include physical activity, diet therapy, smoking, and periodic health checkups. More specifically, CVD risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, lack of physical activity, and diabetes. Environmental factors are the factors that affect a specific group of people in each community; they are not for everyone. Environment refers to the conditions that all people live, such as families, neighborhoods and towns, and larger communities. These may include aspects of the social environment, such as the norms and behavior of family members, friends, and other people in the community. It also covers all aspects of the physical environment, including access to resources, exposure to hazards and the overall living environment. Environmental factors are classified into the following categories.

Section 2 Understanding Risk and Protective Factors: Selection of Potential Targets and Their Applications in Promising Intervention Strategies