Similarities and Differences in Reproductive Endocrinology Between Non‐Human Primates and Humans

The similarity of reproductive functions between nonhuman primates and humans makes nonhuman primates often a better experimental animal in reproductive research. Cynomolgus monkeys show similar similarities in the menstrual cycle pattern of serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and sex steroid hormones. Similarity involves a significant increase in serum estradiol (E2) concentration prior to ovulation, but cynomolgus monkeys have a negligible increase in E2 and a single increase in progesterone (P) during the luteal phase. Humans and gigantic salamanders (eg gorillas and chimpanzees) are distinguished in that they are distinctly biphasic in serum E 2 concentrations during ovulation and luteal phase and the serum concentration of E 2 increases simultaneously during luteal phase It is unique in. The functional lutein steroid hormone secretory activity of humans and nonhuman primates depends on the analysis of LH receptor characteristics throughout the menstrual period, but they have the same luteal function control mechanism as LH. Cynomolgus monkey human and cynomolgus monkey show similarity to the maternal serum concentration variation pattern of sex steroids during pregnancy, but the pattern of protein hormone fluctuation is different. In cynomolgus monkeys, maternal serum concentrations of chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and growth hormone (ie placental lactogen, or CS) increased only during the first quarter of pregnancy. However, for humans, higher serum concentrations of these two hormones (CG and CS) are maintained throughout pregnancy. In this article, I will explain the similarities and differences between nonhuman primates and human beings.

The problem Michael Tomasello is trying to solve is to explain the difference in proximity between humans and other primates. The premise of Tomasello is that humans are close to evolution in two ways with other primates (2). First of all, the evolutionary change Tomasello is seeking happened between the past 200,000 and 40,000 years based on the age of Homo sapiens. Compared with millions of years of evolution, this time it is considered to be very short. Second, the human genetic makeup resembles nearly 99% of chimpanzees. This shows that there is little change between humans and other primates, but humans live different lives. The core of the problem is now being revealed; too little time has passed and the genetic change is too small to explain the big differences between humans and other primates

The similarity of reproductive functions between nonhuman primates and humans makes nonhuman primates often a better experimental animal in reproductive research. Cynomolgus monkeys show similar similarities in the menstrual cycle pattern of serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and sex steroid hormones. Similarity involves a significant increase in serum estradiol (E2) concentration prior to ovulation, but cynomolgus monkeys have a negligible increase in E2 and a single increase in progesterone (P) during the luteal phase. Humans and gigantic salamanders (eg gorillas and chimpanzees) are distinguished in that they are distinctly biphasic in serum E 2 concentrations during ovulation and luteal phase and the serum concentration of E 2 increases simultaneously during luteal phase It is unique in. However, for humans, higher serum concentrations of these two hormones (CG and CS) are maintained throughout pregnancy.