Sex Determining Region Y

Sex Determining Region Y In mammals, the X and Y chromosomes determine the gender of the organism. Where the mammal is a cognate XX, the mammal is a female, and if the mammal is a heterozygous XY, it is a male, assuming that individual is not a mutation. Y chromosome decides the sex of men. On the short arm of the Y chromosome, there is a region called sex determination region Y or SRY, which encodes the transcription factor "sex determination Y" protein in mammals. In 1991, the function of SRY was revealed as a sex determining gene of mice involved in testicular formation.

In mice, candidate genes for distinguishing gender are the Sry (sex region Y) gene and the Sts (steroid sulfatase) gene located on the Y chromosome. The Sts gene encodes a steroid sulfatase enzyme that plays an important role in the regulation of neurosteroid biosynthesis. It is expressed in both males and females, correlates with the level of stroke in male mice and is significantly increased in women who are giving birth and breastfeeding, corresponding to the onset of maternal stroke. At least one study found that the serotonin receptor 5-HT 3a may have epigenetic characteristics (ie, a decrease in methylation of certain CpG sites in the promoter region).

The SRY gene provides an indication of the production of sex determination region Y protein. This protein is involved in male sexual development. The X and Y chromosomes determine whether the fetus is male or female. Women usually have two X chromosomes (XX), but men usually have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome (XY). The SRY gene is located on the Y chromosome. The sex determining region Y protein produced by this gene attaches to specific regions of DNA and develops male gonads in the fetus and initiates a process that prevents the development of female reproductive organs.

Gender is a biological property determined by the particular sex chromosome inherited by the parent. In humans, men are identified by the presence of the Y chromosome (some exceptions). The gene on the Y chromosome directs the differentiation of the gonad to the testes and results in the production of testosterone in the early stages of development. It affects many tissues of the body. A person with one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, or a variant such as XXY or XYY is usually male, and a person with only the X chromosome is usually a female. Humans have sex, animals have sex, all tissues including fetal placenta have sex and individual cells also have sex

Most mammals, including humans, have an XY sex determination system. The Y chromosome has factors that contribute to male development. If there is no Y chromosome, "default sex" is female. This is due to the sex determination area of ​​the Y chromosome also called SRY gene. Therefore, male mammals usually have X and Y chromosomes (XY), but female mammals usually have two X chromosomes (XX). In humans, gender at reproductive stage is determined by five factors at birth. Y chromosome presence, type of gonads, sex hormones, internal genitalia (such as female uterus), and external genitalia.