Self-determination

Self-determination, groups of people usually have a certain degree of public awareness, form their own country, and choose their own government. As a political principle, the concept of self-determination was originally developed as a by-product of nationalist doctrine expressed in the early years of the French and American revolution. In the First World War, allies regarded the right to self-determination as a goal of peace. At his 14 points - the basic conditions of peace - the United States. President Woodrow Wilson cited self-determination as an important goal of the postwar world; the result split the old Austria - Hungary and the Ottoman Empire and the former Baltic region of Russia into several new states.

After the Second World War, promoting self-determination among the major people has become one of the main goals of people. The International Federation, the predecessor of the United Nations, also acknowledges this principle, but this idea is the clearest statement and assertion in the United Nations.

The "UN Charter" clarifies the two meanings of the term self-determination. First, it is said that a country has the right to freely choose its political, economic, social and cultural systems. Second, self-determination rights are defined as the right for people to self-organize, or otherwise to determine the form in which they are free to associate with an existing state. Both of these meanings form the basis of the Charter (Article 1 paragraph 2, Article 55 paragraph 1). With respect to the Dependent Area, the Charter states that management should promise to ensure autonomy of political progress and development (Article 73 paragraphs a and b, and Article 76 b)

Self-determination has two aspects, inside and outside. Internal self-determination rights are the right for the people of the country to autonomously without external interference. External self-determination right is the right to determine the political status of your country and exclude foreign control including the formation of your own independent state. However, independence is not the only one that can be brought about by exercising self-determination powers. In international law, the self-determination right recognized in the 1960s was interpreted as the right to adopt other colonial territories that are independent or freely selectable. The race and other different groups in the colony have no right to separate themselves from the "ethnic" of the whole territory. Today, the right to manage our group is increasingly intertwined with the human rights norms, especially ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples' rights.

Article 3 of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Human Rights (UNDRIP) is a systematization of self-determination, "Article 3 Indigenous People have the right to self-determination rights, their economic, social and cultural development Freedom to pursue "The autonomous government regulates Article 4, UNDRIP Culture". Article 4 Indigenous peoples are evaluating autonomy or autonomy to exercise their rights and determine matters concerning their internal and external problems and methods and means of financing their autonomy functions. "