Section I. The Elements Of The Greek Spirit.

The concept I discuss is the concept of the devil. The gate is Greek, and most philosophers are related to Plato. In platonic dialogue, the devil refers to the mentalist spirit, in particular to the spiritual or inner voice that speaks mainly in a negative way mainly with Socrates (see Hippias Major, 304 b - c). In Arendt's idea, the devil has quite different meaning. In fact, Arendt revived different kinds of Greek traditions. In this tradition, this term represents the political aspect of an individual. Arendt did not mention directly that Plato used the term Socrates. However, in her discussion about Dimon, the image of Socrates played an important role as an "ideal" thinker and citizen.

The original Greek word daimon has no negative meaning. The ancient Greek word δαίμωνdaimōn stands for spiritual or divine force that closely resembles Latin genius and numbers. The concept of the Greek Dymone appears in particular in Plato's work, where it explains the sacred inspiration of Socrates. In the ancient Near East religion including the ancient and medieval Christian devils and Abraham's tradition, the devil was regarded as a harmful spiritual being possibly leading to the need for devil possession and immunity. In Western mysticism and Renaissance magic, the devil is considered a spiritual entity brought about by the fusion of Greek and Roman magic, Jewish communism, and Christian devils.

Ancient Greeks and Romans had a difference in thinking about the cause of depression. Literature at that time was full of psychoses caused by the spirit and demons. In the 5th century BC, Greek historian Herodotus wrote a king moved by a demon. Early Babylonians, Chinese, and Egyptian civilizations also used psychosomatic techniques (strikes, restraints, starvation, etc.) to treat psychosis as a form of demonic possession and to suffer and heal the devil . In contrast, early Romans and Greek doctors thought that depression was also a biological disease and a mental disorder. Mixtures of gymnastics, massage, special diet, music, bathroom, and poppy extract and licking milk are used to alleviate depressive symptoms.