Second Language Acquisition in Childhood

Children learn their mother tongue in all languages ​​early in their development. While developing, the child begins to show signs of face-to-face communication exchanges, usually with barking, wobble, distinguishable words and later sentences of two or more words. This situation also appears in the development of the second language. Learning the second language is a study on how to develop the second language. The process of mastering your mother tongue is very similar and it affects the development of the second language.

Second language acquisition (SLA), second language learning, or L2 (language 2) acquisition is the process by which people learn a second language. Second language acquisition is also a science field devoted to studying this process. The second language acquisition field is a sub-field of applied linguistics, but we also receive research in various other fields such as psychology and education. The central theme of SLA research is interlanguage and the language used by learners is not only the result of the difference between the languages ​​they already know and the languages ​​they are learning but also the complete language system. It has its own authority and has its own system rule. When a learner touches a target language, this inter-language language develops gradually.

Many of the controversies concerning neurological problems of language acquisition relate to the development of brain superiority in childhood and the relationship with language acquisition including primary and secondary languages. The history of this problem began with Lenneberg (1967). And he assumed that development of brain advantage was completed around adolescence ("Establishment of company"). According to Lenneberg, the baby's brain is not strongly brainwashed, if the left hemisphere is damaged or the left hemisphere is removed ("hemisphere resection"), the right hemisphere can bear the language function I will. Evidence of Lenneberg suggests that this language function will continue to "transfer" the hemisphere until puberty. This seems to be consistent with a report that children under 10 years have recovered from acquired aphasia.

The important difference between first language acquisition and second language acquisition is that the process of second language acquisition is influenced by the language already learned by the learner. This effect is called language transfer. Language transition is a complex phenomenon due to the previous linguistic knowledge of the learner, the interaction between the target language input they encounter and their cognitive process. Language transfer can occur not only from the learner's mother tongue but also from the second language or the third language. Also, language transfers may occur in grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary, discourse, and reading, not limited to a specific language domain.