Rule-Utilitarianism

"Rule - Utilitarianism does not see the effect of a specific action, but decides the correctness of behavior through different methods First, the best code of conduct can be found.This is the value of the result of obeying a particular action The initial supporters were John Austin (Law School 1832) and John Stuart Mill (Utilitarian 1861).

One problem with rule Utilitarianism is that it invites us to consider the results of general follow-up of specific rules. Suppose that the general follow-up result of rule R is optimal. Rule R is the best rule and everyone should follow this rule. But what if people are unlikely to follow this rule normally? Example: The optimal traffic rule in each country is correct. According to the rule of utilitarianism, I should keep it right. Let's say that I am in the UK and people are usually on the left side ... Do I really want to stick to the right side?

Another problem is that the best rule is not simple. The best rule of commitment is to maintain. "Always follow your promise, except ..." (exception list will be long). This led American philosopher David Lyon to assert in 1965 that in the form and boundary of Utilitarianism, the rational expression of rule utilitariy would recommend the same behavior behavioral Utilitarianism. And there is no real difference between them. At the moment, the rule - Utilitarian formula seems to be preferred, but some people try to recover them. "

This problem is more complicated as the rule interpretation of Utilitarianism is different. In the powerful rule we call Utilitarianism, moral rules are no exception. In utilitarian we call weak rules, there are some exceptions to the rule. The more exceptions we have established with moral rules, the weaker the rule Utilitarians of our version. However, if you give enough exceptions to moral rules, rule utilitariy can become indistinguishable from behavioral utilitarianism. Let's think about the traffic light once again. This rule maximizes utility compared to most other rules, so a strict rule utilitarian says "do not pass the traffic light". Compared to the rule of "when you want to pass through the traffic light" or "when you are sure to pass the traffic light without accident", it works very well.

Actions and Rules The problem between Utilitarians mainly focuses on the question "Will moral life improve by practicing selective obedience to moral rules?" Action The Utilitarian's answer is yes. . Rule Utilitarians believe that moral life depends on moral rules and without these rules the net utility will decrease. Utilitarians think that whether moral rules are binding will depend on the situation. Consequently, behavioral Utilitarians view moral rules as mere "rules of thumb", the general guiding principles apply to exceptions, and rule-based Utilitarians view moral rules as clearer . We will study the problems of the two Utilitarians in a short time. Let's see the most common problem of utilitarianism this time.

The obligation is different; its supporters are John Stuart Mill, Jeremy Bentham. Utilitarianism has two types. Behavior Utilitarianism and rule Utilitarianism. Utilitarian critics, however, argue that moral theory can explain the severity of certain moral obligations, such as promissory notes obligation. However, Sartorius (1969) argues that behavioral utilitarian claims that the characteristics of moral obligation are based on retrospective consideration - utilitarianism and utilitarianism.