Rice Cultivation and Compostion

Rice is one of the most diverse crops in Asia, Africa and South America, it is a major heat source and this trend will last until the 21st century (Pingali et al., 1997). Rice grows to about 150 million hectares (11% of the world's cultivated land) annually, and it is cultivated in agricultural climate conditions all over the world, such as irrigation, rainwater lowlands, rainwater highlands, flood ecosystems. Due to the introduction of high yield varieties and improvement of agricultural practices, world rice production is increasing.

Rice was planted in China from ancient times and introduced to India in front of the Greeks. The rice planting record in China dates back 4,000 years ago. In classical Chinese, the meaning of agriculture and rice culture is synonymous, indicating that rice became the main crop when the language was formed. In some Asian languages, words of rice and food are the same. Many rituals are related to cultivation and harvesting of rice, a traditional Oriental Art motif. There are thousands of varieties of rice known. Whether cultivated or not, the original shape is unknown.

Glutinous rice is a special staple food with cultural and religious significance for the people of Laos. Glutinous rice is usually superior to jasmine rice and cultivation and production of glutinous rice is thought to originate from Laos. There are traditions and rituals related to rice production in various environments, and many ethnic groups. For example, to commemorate the dead parents, Khammu farmers in Luang Prabang planted small rice varieties Khao Kam near the cottage or planted it at the edge of the paddy to indicate that the parents are still alive.

For all people in Sri Lanka rice is a staple food. Agriculture in Sri Lanka depends mainly on rice cultivation. Throughout the growing season, rice production depends greatly on rainfall and the need for government water supply by irrigation canals. The main planting season known as "Maha" from October to March, the supplementary planting season known as "Yala" is from April to September. In Maha's season, there is usually enough water to maintain all paddy fields, but in Yarra's season there is only enough water to grow half of the land.

Rice is a staple food of all ethnic groups in Nepal. In Terai prefecture, most rice cultivars are grown in the rainy season. The main season of rice planting is called "Berna · Boer · Shahn", from June to July there is enough water only in some fields, and the auxiliary season called "Ropai" is usually from April to September . Water to maintain cultivation of all rice paddies. Farmers use irrigation canals throughout the planting season Banaue Terrace (Philippines: Hagdan-hagdang Palayan) ng Banawe is a terrace field 2000 years ago carved by indigenous peoples of the Ifugao mountains of the Philippines. Rice terraces are often called "the eighth wonder of the world". It is widely believed that terraces are mainly made with hands with minimal equipment. Terrace is at altitude of 1,500 meters (5000 feet) above sea level