Restoring Voluntary Control by Electrochemical Stimulation.

Since Luigi Galvani discovered that muscle reacts to electrical stimulation in 1789, these properties have been used to interface with the nervous system and used to restore motor function and sensory dysfunction. Electrotherapy utilizes these electrophysiological properties of the nervous system. Despite the human perception that exercise deficiencies are well known today, they are still often in a stalemate of treatment. By technical means, feeling of defect can be restored or replaced - some functions of motion system.

Recent studies on non-human primates can also use implantable brain-control spinal cord stimulation systems to restore the function of the limbs, such as autonomous grip and recovery of two-dimensional limb movement . The vision of this fully integrated wireless system will make future iBMI more practical. Other studies have also demonstrated improved biocompatibility and prevention of peripheral electrode gliosis, which can improve long-term survival of fully implanted iBMI.

Several studies continue to investigate the use of FES to restore or improve function after spinal cord injury. Researchers are using FES to help tetraplegic people to move the muscles to restore their own hand grip. Some people are trying to stimulate recovery with the goal of being able to grasp objects without stimulation once treatment is completed. This method has proved useful for stroke patients. Clinical trials supported by NINDS showed that FES of the diaphragm and intercostal muscle (muscle between adjacent ribs to help move the chest wall) can produce effective cough for people with high quadriplegic palsy It was. The ability to cough will eliminate the need to aspirate secretions and reduce the risk of lung disease. These researchers are working on improving electrode design for minimally invasive surgery

ALS is a very deadly disease that affects the nerve cells controlling victim's muscle. These nerves contract and eventually die, and the muscles do not feel irritated. Since these muscles have no irritation, they eventually contract and die. The victims gradually weakened to the extent that all accidental muscles and some involuntary muscles, such as breathing and swallowing, were completely paralyzed, and death was inevitable shortly thereafter. The most typical case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is Lou Gehrig. From 1923 to 1939 he never missed the game and his average hit rate was 0.340. However, the symptoms of ALS appeared in 1938 and in 1939 he was diagnosed with this disease. As the only recommended treatment was untested vitamin E, Gaurig ate plates full of garden lawn every day until June 2, 1941. .